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{"sheet":"Farm Info","index":0,"n_rows":26,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":26,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,4,5,8],[6,4,6,8],[5,1,5,2],[6,1,6,2],[18,1,18,2],[15,4,15,9],[16,1,16,2],[18,4,18,9],[17,1,17,2],[0,0,0,9],[2,0,3,9],[25,1,25,2],[11,4,11,8],[25,4,25,8],[19,1,19,2],[23,4,23,9],[17,4,17,9],[19,4,19,9],[15,1,15,2],[23,1,23,2],[9,4,9,8],[10,4,10,8],[9,1,9,2],[12,1,12,2],[12,4,12,8]]}
["Farm Info"]
[]
["Enter Farm Information below in the green boxes and then go to the IPM Practices Tab.  "]
[]
[]
[null,"Farm Name:"]
[null,"Farm Manager:"]
[]
[]
[null,"Address:"]
[]
[]
[null,"Phone Number:"]
[]
[]
[null,"Major Crops:"]
[null,"Available Acreage:",null,null,null,"acres"]
[null,"Target Pests:"]
[null,"Target Weeds:"]
[null,"Target Diseases:"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Management Objectives:"]
[]
[null,"Planner:"]

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["IPM Practices"]
[]
["Select the plant family from the drop down list that appears when you click on the green cell to the right of \"Plant Family\" and then select a crop from the drop down list that appears when clicking on the green block next to \"Crop\".  This will give you specific guidance if any is available regarding practices for this crop.  Check boxes below along the left hand side of the page in the green columns that correspond to practices currently being implemented on the farm (benchmark) or that the producer is willing to begin implementing (planned).  Practices are divided into major areas of Prevention, Avoidance, Monitoring, and Suppression.  After all practices have been selected, go to the IPM Plan tab and click on \"Import Data\" on the upper right hand corner to have the information below automatically pasted to the plan sheet for printing.  Plant Families are also listed in the tabs following the IPM Plan for further information.  References are located on the last tab after the plant families."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Crop 1","Crop 2","Crop 3"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"F7","v":"General"},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(T5,Lists!B4:C10,2,FALSE)","v":"General"},{"$f":"VLOOKUP('IPM Practices'!U5,Lists!B4:C10,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(V5,Lists!B4:C10,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}}]
["Currently Practicing (Benchmark)","Plan on Implementing (Planned)","Principle","Practices","Plant Family:","General",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Vegetables","Vegetables",{"$f":"F8","v":"Vegetables"},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}}]
[null,null,null,null,"Crop:","Vegetables",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cucumber, Muskmellon, & Watermelon","Musk",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(T7,R7:S33,2,FALSE)","v":"Vegetables"},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(U7,R7:S33,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(V7,R7:S33,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}}]
[null,null,"PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pumpkin, Squash, & Gourds","Pumpkin"]
[null,null,null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Cultivation, pulling, mowing, flaming, or other means"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sweet Corn","Corn"]
[null,null,null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bean, Snap, Dry, & Lima","Bean"]
[null,null,null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Working crop when dry, working infested fields last, hosing down equipment between fields, etc."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pea","Pea"]
[null,null,null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"See NEVMG for guidance.  Example:  plow-under corn refuse in fall to control European corn borer."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Beet & Swiss Chard","Beet"]
[null,null,null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Asparagus","Asparagus"]
[null,null,null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Carrot & Parsnip","Carrot"]
[null,null,"AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"See NEVMG"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Garlic","Garlic"]
[null,null,null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Leek","Leek"]
[null,null,null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Example: Virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Onion","Onion"]
[null,null,null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggot."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Radish","Radish"]
[null,null,null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"See CT factsheet on Perimeter Trap Cropping for Guidance."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Celery","Celery"]
[null,null,"MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"See NEVMG, and Weed Assessment sheet.  **Record findings.  Recordkeeping is required.**  See NEVMG Pest Identification Supplement, Invasive Plant Atlas, and other pest identification guides (See Resource List).  See MA NRCS 595 Recordkeeping Forms.  See UMCE IPM Programs for pest monitoring services and information"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Rutabaga & Turnip","Rutabaga"]
[null,null,null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Example: install weather station with rain guage, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sesnors, utilize commercial satellite weather prediction and recording service such as Skybit'"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sweet Potato","Sweet"]
[null,null,null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Example:  Pestwatch for corn, Blite Case or WMCE Potato Pest Alerts for potatoes, Umaine Coop. Ext. weather forecast at pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/forecase.html or similar"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cabbage, Brocolli, Cauliflower","Cabbage"]
[null,null,"SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Supresses build-up of pest populations.  See NEVMG for recommendations.  Good for weed and disease suppression."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lettuce, Endive, & Escarole","Lettuce"]
[null,null,null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"See NEVMG for recommendations"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Mesclun","Mesclun"]
[null,null,null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Spinach","Spinach"]
[null,null,null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Okra","Okra"]
[null,null,null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Eggplant","Eggplant"]
[null,null,null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pepper","Pepper"]
[null,null,null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., temperature controls in greenhouses; flame weeding or other heat mehtods for insects, disease, and weed control; noise makers, reflectors, ribbons, and predator models."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Potato","Potato"]
[null,null,null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., synthetic row covers, fencing."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Tomato","Tomato"]
[null,null,null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., tile drainage, avoiding planting in low and wet places, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds."},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"General","Vegetables"]
[null,null,"SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomoato pinworm"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Brussel Sprouts, Chinese Cabbage, Collards, Kohrab, Mustard, Kale","Collards"]
[null,null,null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., select pesticides and time applications to minimize impace on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects."}]
[null,null,null,"Release beneficial organisms where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips."}]
[null,null,null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."}]
[null,null,"SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Including weed-control decisions based on previous year's weed map, and/or pest scouting."}]
[null,null,null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., including appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommnded for the crop per New England Extension recommendations."}]
[null,null,null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Based on label, scouting results, and action thresholds for extension recommendations for targeted pest."}]
[null,null,null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., spot treatment where pests are found; or seed, edge or field perimeter (border) treatments."}]
[null,null,null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"At least pre-season and any time there is a significant modification or repaire to the equipment."}]
[null,null,null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance, leaving small areas untreated, etc."}]
[null,null,null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."}]
[null,null,null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"e.g., wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayer, double-drop sprayer, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drft nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc."}]
[null,null,null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"Such as surface waters, schools, residences, neighboring crops, etc."}]
[null,null,null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.",{"$f":"INDIRECT(T8)","v":"."}]
[null,null,null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:"]
[null,null,null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.  \n> Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.\n> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.  "]
[null,null,null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.   \n> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state.\n>Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]
[null,null,null,"         "]

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["Benchmark",null,null,null,"Planned"]
[null,"Principle","Practice","Crop 1",null,"Principle","Practice","Crop 1"]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A3=TRUE,\"Prevention\",\"\")","v":"Prevention"},{"$f":"IF(A3=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D9,\"\")","v":"Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)"},{"$f":"IF(A3=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E9,\"\")","v":"Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting"},false,{"$f":"IF(E3=TRUE,\"Prevention\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E3=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D9,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E3=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E9,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Prevention",{"$f":"IF(A4=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D10,\"\")","v":"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)"},{"$f":"IF(A4=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E10,\"\")","v":"Cultivation, pulling, mowing, flaming, or other means"},false,{"$f":"IF(E4=TRUE,\"Prevention\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E4=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D10,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E4=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E10,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Prevention",{"$f":"IF(A5=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D11,\"\")","v":"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)"},{"$f":"IF(A5=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E11,\"\")","v":"."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E5=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D11,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E5=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E11,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Prevention",{"$f":"IF(A6=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D12,\"\")","v":"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)"},{"$f":"IF(A6=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E12,\"\")","v":"Working crop when dry, working infested fields last, hosing down equipment between fields, etc."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E6=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D12,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E6=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E12,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Prevention",{"$f":"IF(A7=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D13,\"\")","v":"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)"},{"$f":"IF(A7=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E13,\"\")","v":"See NEVMG for guidance.  Example:  plow-under corn refuse in fall to control European corn borer."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E7=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D13,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E7=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E13,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Prevention",{"$f":"IF(A8=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D14,\"\")","v":"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses."},{"$f":"IF(A8=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E14,\"\")","v":"."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E8=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D14,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E8=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E14,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A9=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D15,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A9=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E15,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E9=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D15,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E9=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E15,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A10=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A10=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D16,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A10=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E16,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E10=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E10=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D16,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E10=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E16,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A11=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":"Avoidance"},{"$f":"IF(A11=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D17,\"\")","v":"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)"},{"$f":"IF(A11=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E17,\"\")","v":"Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields."},false,{"$f":"IF(E11=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E11=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D17,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E11=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E17,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A12=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":"Avoidance"},{"$f":"IF(A12=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D18,\"\")","v":"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)"},{"$f":"IF(A12=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E18,\"\")","v":"Example: Virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops."},false,{"$f":"IF(E12=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E12=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D18,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E12=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E18,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A13=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":"Avoidance"},{"$f":"IF(A13=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D19,\"\")","v":"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)"},{"$f":"IF(A13=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E19,\"\")","v":"Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggot."},false,{"$f":"IF(E13=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E13=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D19,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E13=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E19,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A14=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":"Avoidance"},{"$f":"IF(A14=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D20,\"\")","v":"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases."},{"$f":"IF(A14=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E20,\"\")","v":"See CT factsheet on Perimeter Trap Cropping for Guidance."},false,{"$f":"IF(E14=TRUE,\"Avoidance\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E14=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D20,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E14=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E20,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A15=TRUE,\"Monitoring\",\"\")","v":"Monitoring"},{"$f":"IF(A15=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D21,\"\")","v":"Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) "},{"$f":"IF(A15=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E21,\"\")","v":"See NEVMG, and Weed Assessment sheet.  **Record findings.  Recordkeeping is required.**  See NEVMG Pest Identification Supplement, Invasive Plant Atlas, and other pest identification guides (See Resource List).  See MA NRCS 595 Recordkeeping Forms.  See UMCE IPM Programs for pest monitoring services and information"},false,{"$f":"IF(E15=TRUE,\"Monitoring\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E15=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D21,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E15=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E21,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A16=TRUE,\"Monitoring\",\"\")","v":"Monitoring"},{"$f":"IF(A16=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D22,\"\")","v":"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)"},{"$f":"IF(A16=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E22,\"\")","v":"Example: install weather station with rain guage, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sesnors, utilize commercial satellite weather prediction and recording service such as Skybit'"},false,{"$f":"IF(E16=TRUE,\"Monitoring\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E16=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D22,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E16=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E22,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A17=TRUE,\"Monitoring\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A17=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D23,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A17=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E23,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E17=TRUE,\"Monitoring\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E17=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D23,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E17=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E23,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A18=TRUE,\"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A18=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D24,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A18=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E24,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E18=TRUE,\"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E18=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D24,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E18=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E24,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A19=TRUE,\"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls\",\"\")","v":"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls"},{"$f":"IF(A19=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D25,\"\")","v":"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)"},{"$f":"IF(A19=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E25,\"\")","v":"See NEVMG for recommendations"},false,{"$f":"IF(E19=TRUE,\"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E19=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D25,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E19=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E25,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A20=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D26,\"\")","v":"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop."},{"$f":"IF(A20=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E26,\"\")","v":"."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E20=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D26,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E20=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E26,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A21=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D27,\"\")","v":"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control."},{"$f":"IF(A21=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E27,\"\")","v":"."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E21=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D27,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E21=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E27,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A22=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D28,\"\")","v":"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds."},{"$f":"IF(A22=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E28,\"\")","v":"."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E22=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D28,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E22=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E28,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A23=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D29,\"\")","v":"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)"},{"$f":"IF(A23=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E29,\"\")","v":"e.g., Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E23=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D29,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E23=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E29,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A24=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D30,\"\")","v":"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)"},{"$f":"IF(A24=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E30,\"\")","v":"e.g., temperature controls in greenhouses; flame weeding or other heat mehtods for insects, disease, and weed control; noise makers, reflectors, ribbons, and predator models."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E24=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D30,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E24=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E30,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A25=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D31,\"\")","v":"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)"},{"$f":"IF(A25=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E31,\"\")","v":"e.g., synthetic row covers, fencing."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E25=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D31,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E25=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E31,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A26=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D32,\"\")","v":"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)"},{"$f":"IF(A26=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E32,\"\")","v":"e.g., tile drainage, avoiding planting in low and wet places, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E26=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D32,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E26=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E32,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A27=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A27=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D33,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A27=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E33,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E27=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E27=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D33,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E27=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E33,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A28=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A28=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D34,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A28=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E34,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E28=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E28=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D34,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E28=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E34,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A29=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A29=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D35,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A29=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E35,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E29=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E29=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D35,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E29=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E35,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A30=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A30=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D36,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A30=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E36,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E30=TRUE,\"Suppression Biological Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E30=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D36,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E30=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E36,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A31=TRUE,\"Suppression Chemical Controls\",\"\")","v":"Suppression Chemical Controls"},{"$f":"IF(A31=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D37,\"\")","v":"Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)"},{"$f":"IF(A31=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E37,\"\")","v":"Including weed-control decisions based on previous year's weed map, and/or pest scouting."},false,{"$f":"IF(E31=TRUE,\"Suppression Chemical Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E31=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D37,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E31=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E37,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,{"$f":"IF(A32=TRUE,\"Suppression Chemical Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A32=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D38,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A32=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E38,\"\")","v":""},false,{"$f":"IF(E32=TRUE,\"Suppression Chemical Controls\",\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E32=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D38,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E32=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E38,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A33=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D39,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A33=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E39,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E33=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D39,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E33=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E39,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A34=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D40,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A34=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E40,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E34=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D40,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E34=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E40,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A35=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D41,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A35=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E41,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E35=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D41,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E35=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E41,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A36=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D42,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A36=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E42,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E36=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D42,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E36=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E42,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A37=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D43,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A37=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E43,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E37=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D43,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E37=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E43,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Chemical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A38=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D44,\"\")","v":"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)"},{"$f":"IF(A38=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E44,\"\")","v":"e.g., wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayer, double-drop sprayer, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drft nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E38=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D44,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E38=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E44,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,"Suppression Chemical Controls",{"$f":"IF(A39=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D45,\"\")","v":"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."},{"$f":"IF(A39=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E45,\"\")","v":"Such as surface waters, schools, residences, neighboring crops, etc."},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E39=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D45,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E39=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E45,\"\")","v":""}]
[false,"",{"$f":"IF(A40=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D46,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(A40=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E46,\"\")","v":""},false,"",{"$f":"IF(E40=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D46,\"\")","v":""},{"$f":"IF(E40=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!E46,\"\")","v":""}]
[true,{"$f":"IF(A41=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D47,\"\")","v":"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:"},{"$f":"IF(A41=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D48,\"\")","v":"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.  \n> Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.\n> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.  "},{"$f":"IF(A41=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D49,\"\")","v":"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.   \n> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state.\n>Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."},true,{"$f":"IF(E41=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D47,\"\")","v":"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:"},{"$f":"IF(E41=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D48,\"\")","v":"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.  \n> Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.\n> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.  "},{"$f":"IF(E41=TRUE,'IPM Practices'!D49,\"\")","v":"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.   \n> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state.\n>Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."}]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[{"$f":"SUM('IPM Plan'!C22:I23)","v":23}]
["Base","This is the lowest level available for intensive IPM.  Consider adding more practices in new areas.  See the table above to compare number of practices you are implementing to areas of potential practices."]
["Medium","This is the moderate level available for intensive IPM.  As your management progresses, consider adding more practices.  See the table above to compare number of practices you are implementing to areas of potential practices."]
["High","This is the highest level available for intensive IPM.  Continue to maintain your current level of management by evaluating the effectiveness or practices you are currently implementing and substituting or adding new practices to react to new problems or replace ineffective methods."]

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["Intensive Vegetable IPM Plan"]
[null,null,"Farm Name:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E6:I6=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E6:I6)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Farm Manager:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E7:I7=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E7:I7)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Contact Address:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E10:I10=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E10:I10)","v":""}]
[null,null,null,null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E11:I11=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E11:I11)","v":""},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Use the print button after clicking the import Data button above"]
[null,null,null,null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E12:I12=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E12:I12)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Contact Phone:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E13:I13=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E13:I13)","v":""}]
[]
[null,null,"Planning Assistance Provided by:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E26:I26=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E26:I26)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Farm IPM Management Objectives:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E24:J24=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E24:J24)","v":""}]
[]
[null,null,"Major Crops:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E16:J16=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E16:J16)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Available Acreage:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E17=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E17)","v":""},"acres"]
[null,null,"Target Pests:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E18:J18=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E18:J18)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Target Weeds: ",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E19:J19=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E19:J19)","v":""}]
[null,null,"Target Diseases:",null,{"$f":"IF('Farm Info'!E20:J20=\"\",\"\",'Farm Info'!E20:J20)","v":""}]
["Practice Results"]
[]
[null,"Practice Principle Area"]
[null,null,"Prevention",null,"Avoidance","Monitoring","Suppression"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cultural & Physical","Biological","Chemical"]
[null,"Benchmark:",{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!A3:A9,TRUE)","v":6},null,{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!A10:A14,TRUE)","v":4},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!A15:A17,TRUE)","v":2},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!A18:A26,TRUE)","v":8},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!A27:A30,TRUE)","v":0},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!A31:A40,TRUE)","v":3}]
[null,"Planned:",{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!E3:E9,TRUE)","v":0},null,{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!E10:E14,TRUE)","v":0},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!E15:E17,TRUE)","v":0},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!E18:E26,TRUE)","v":0},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!E27:E30,TRUE)","v":0},{"$f":"COUNTIF(Link!E31:E40,TRUE)","v":0}]
[null,"Total Potential:",7,null,5,3,9,4,12]
[]
[null,"Payment Level:",null,null,{"$f":"IF(Link!A49<11.5,Link!A50,IF(Link!A49>20,Link!A52,Link!A51))","v":"High"}]
["Payment Explanation:",{"$f":"IF(E26=\"Base\",Link!B50,IF(E26=\"Medium\",Link!B51,Link!B52))","v":"This is the highest level available for intensive IPM.  Continue to maintain your current level of management by evaluating the effectiveness or practices you are currently implementing and substituting or adding new practices to react to new problems or replace ineffective methods."}]
[]
["Benchmark Practices"]
[null,"These are practices you are currently implementing on farm and agree to continue as a part of your management strategies."]
["Principle","Practice",null,null,null,null,{"$f":"'IPM Practices'!F8","v":"Vegetables"}]
["Prevention","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)",null,null,null,null,"Use healthy propagating stock/seed roots and inspect frequently in the production cycle."]
["Prevention","Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)",null,null,null,null,"Shallowly cultivate."]
["Prevention","Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)",null,null,null,null,"Reduce humidity within the plant canopy by using proper watering practices and spacing of plants."]
["Prevention","Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)",null,null,null,null,"Produce and store planting stock separate from commercial sweet potatoes.\nPost harvest diease:  Employ proper handling and curing practices at harvest.  Practice good sanitation of farm equipment, storage bins, and storage rooms."]
["Prevention","Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)",null,null,null,null,"Plow under or remove crop residue after harvest."]
["Prevention","Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.",null,null,null,null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops and volunteers from previous crop."]
["Avoidance","Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)",null,null,null,null,"Slugs:  Grow plants away from moist, shaded habitats.  "]
["Avoidance","Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)",null,null,null,null,"."]
["Avoidance","Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)",null,null,null,null,"."]
["Avoidance","Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.",null,null,null,null,"."]
["Monitoring","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ",null,null,null,null,"Inspect weekly. \nCutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants.  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September. \nSlugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations."]
["Monitoring","Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)",null,null,null,null,"."]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)",null,null,null,null,"Plant 8-12\" apart within rows and 32-42\" between rows, depending on cultivars.  Plant slips at a depth of 3\" with no less than 2 plant nodes in the ground and leaving 2 leaves or more above the ground."]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.",null,null,null,null,"Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information."]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.",null,null,null,null,0]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",null,null,null,null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds."]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)",null,null,null,null,"Slugs:  Hand pick/crush."]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)",null,null,null,null,"."]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)",null,null,null,null,"Sweet Potato 23"]
["Suppression Cultural and Physical Controls","Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)",null,null,null,null,"Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field."]
["Suppression Chemical Controls","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)",null,null,null,null,"."]
["Suppression Chemical Controls","Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)",null,null,null,null,"May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration."]
["Suppression Chemical Controls","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.",null,null,null,null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
["NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:","> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.  \n> Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.\n> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.  ",null,null,null,null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.   \n> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state.\n>Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]
[]
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["Planned Practices"]
[null,"These are new practices you are willing to implement on farm and agree to include as a part of your management strategies."]
["Principle","Practice",null,null,null,null,{"$f":"'IPM Practices'!F8","v":"Vegetables"}]
["NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:","> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.  \n> Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.\n> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.  ",null,null,null,null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.   \n> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state.\n>Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Cucurbits","index":4,"n_rows":54,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":54,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[32,0,35,0],[36,0,45,0],[8,0,14,0],[15,0,19,0],[20,0,22,0],[23,0,31,0]]}
["Cucurbits"]
[]
[null,"Common Roots and Bulbs",null,"Cucumber, Muskmelon, and Watermelon","Pumpkin, Squash, Gourds"]
[null,"Major Pests",null,"Aphids, striped and spotted cucumber beetles, flea beetle, two-spotted spider mite, seedcorn maggot, squash bug, squash vine borer (SVB), whiteflies","Aphids, striped and spotted cucumber beetles, cutworms, seedcorn maggot, two-spotted spider mite, squash bug, squash vine borer (SVB), slugs, whiteflies"]
[null,"Major Diseases",null,"Angular leaf spot, anthracnose, Alternaria leaf spot, black rot, bacterial wilt, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), downey mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Phytophthora blight, fruit rot, powdery mildew, watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), papaya ringspot virsu (PRSV-W), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), seed decay","Powdery mildew, Plectosporium blight, downey mildew, anthracnose, scab, black rot, angular leaf spot, bacterial wilt, Phytophthora blight, fruit rot, post-harvest fruit rot (various fungi)"]
[null,"Disorders"]
[]
["Principle","Practices","General","Cucumber, Muskmelon, and Watermelon","Pumpkin, Squash, Gourds"]
["PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)","Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting","Plant only certified disease-free seed and transplants.\nSeed decay:  Buy treated seed.","Plant only certified disease-free seed."]
[null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)","Cultivation, pulling, mowing, flaming, or other means","Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc. as necessary to prevent weeds from going to seed. ","Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc. as necessary to prevent weeds from going to seed. "]
[null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)",".","Use drip irrigation and raised beds . Avoid overhead irrigation.","Use drip irrigation and raised beds . Avoid overhead irrigation."]
[null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)","Working crop when dry, working infested fields last, hosing down equipment between fields, etc.","Avoid working in fields when foliage is wet.\nAnthracnose, Alternaria leaf spot, black rot:  Plow down deeply all infected crop debris after harvest.  Avoid wounding fruit during harvesting.  Immerse fruit in clean water containing 120 ppm chlorine.  \nDiseases:  Work crop when foliage is dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields to remove soil residue.                                ","Summer squash:  Remove infected plants. If virus is detected in the field, do not harvest with a knife. Harvest fruit by twisting from the plant. \nWinter squash, pumpkins, gourds: Discard any fruit which is bruised, cut, or showing symptoms of disease. Cure fruit 7-10 days at least 80F with good movement of dry air prior to storage.\nAnthracnose, Alternaria, black rot:  Plow under plant debris after harvest.\nDiseases:  Work crop when foliage is dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields to remove soil residue.         "]
[null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)","See NEVMG for guidance.  Example:  plow-under corn refuse in fall to control European corn borer.","Remove and destroy virus-infected plants.\nPlow crop residue under promptly after harvest.\n","Remove and destroy virus-infected plants.\nPlow crop residue under promptly after harvest."]
[null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.",".","Control all weeds, especially volunteer cucurbits, chickweed, pokeweed, and milkweed. ","Control all weeds, especially volunteer cucurbits, chickweed, pokeweed, and milkweed."]
[null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.",".","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.0-6.8.  Watermelon can tolerate pH down to 5.5. \nIf fertilizer cannot be banded at planting, add the band fertilizer amount to preplant broadcast application. Use drip irrigation and raised beds. Avoid overhead irrigation.Control all weeds, especially volunteer cucurbits, chickweed, pokeweed, and milkweed.\nIf growing plants on plastic mulch, nitrogen can be applied through trickle or overhead irrigation or sidedressed along the edge of the plastic mulch.  Foliar feeding rate is 4-5 lb urea/A. \nIf using transplants, use of a liquid starter fertilizer at planting time is beneficial, especially with cool soil conditions.  Use a high phosphorus starter fertilizer mixed at a rate 2 lb/50 gal water.  Apply 8 fl oz (1 cup) per transplant.  Apply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.   \nRefer to soil test recommendations and NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.   \nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Do not over-fertilize.                            ","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8.  \nIf growing plants on plastic mulch, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be sidedressed can be reduced.  nitrogen can be applied through trickle or overhead irrigation or sidedressed along the edge of the plastic mulch.  Foliar feeding rate is 4-5 lb urea/A.  Apply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.   \nRefer to soil test recommendations and NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations. \nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Do not over-fertilize. "]
["AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).","See NEVMG","Rotate out of cucurbits for at least 2 years, preferably 4 years.  If possible, rotate cucurbit crops between fields separated by at least 1/2 mile.","Rotate out of cucurbits for at least 2 years, preferably 4 years.  If possible, rotate cucurbit crops between fields separated by at least 1/2 mile."]
[null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)","Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.","Green peach aphid:  Plant away from Prunus sp. (peach, wild cherry, etc.).\nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Do not plant adjacent to legume forage crops.\nPhytophthora blight/fruit rot:  Plant in fields without history of this disease.  Plant on raised beds.  Avoid planting in low areas where water puddles and improve drainage by sub-soiling.. \nWMV-II:  Avoid planting near alfalfa, vetch, crimson clover, sour clover, snow-on-the-mountain, and Malva parviflora.","Select sunny, well-drained sites. \nGreen peach aphid:  Plant away from Prunus sp. (peach, wild cherry, etc.).  \nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Do not plant adjacent to legume forage crops.\nPhytophthora blight/fruit rot:  Plant in fields without history of this disease.  Plant on raised beds.  Avoid planting in low areas where water puddles and improve drainage by sub-soiling.                         "]
[null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)","Example: Virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.","Plant resistant varieties suitable for the Northeast.","Plant resistant varieties of squash and pumpkins suitable for the Northeast."]
[null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)","Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggot.","Cucumber beetle:  Use transplants to allow plants to reach a later growth stage before beetles arrive.\nSeed corn maggot: Delay planting until soil is warm (check on this)","Cucumber beetle:  Use tranplants to allow plants to reach a later growth stage before beetles arrive."]
[null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.","See CT factsheet on Perimeter Trap Cropping for Guidance.","Cucumber beetle:  Use a perimeter trap crop of Blue Hubbard, buttercup squash, or Cucurbita maxima variety in 1-2 rows (always use 2 rows near woods or last year's fields.  Treat borders with a systemic at planting or with a foliar insecticide as soon as the first beetles arrive.  Do not use a crop that is highly susceptible to bacterial wilt in the border. \nSquash bug:  Plant a perimeter of squash (summer, Hubbard, marrow) 1-2 weeks before planting or transplanting melons.  Spray adult bugs at base of trap crop with an effective insecticide just before melons emerge or before transplanting, and 5-10 days later.","Cucumber beetle:  Use a perimeter trap crop of Blue Hubbard, buttercup squash, or Cucurbita maxima variety in 1-2 rows (always use 2 rows near woods or last year's fields.  Treat borders with a systemic at planting or with a foliar insecticide as soon as the first beetles arrive.  Do not use a crop that is highly susceptible to bacterial wilt in the border. \nSquash bug:  Plant a perimeter of squash (summer, Hubbard) 1-2 weeks before planting or transplanting.  Spray adult bugs at base of trap crop with an effective insecticide just before seedlings emerge or before transplanting, and 5-10 days later."]
["MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ","See NEVMG, and Weed Assessment sheet.  **Record findings.  Recordkeeping is required.**  See NEVMG Pest Identification Supplement, Invasive Plant Atlas, and other pest identification guides (See Resource List).  See MA NRCS 595 Recordkeeping Forms.  See UMCE IPM Programs for pest monitoring services and information","Aphids:  Scout beginning in mid-June by searching undersides of leaves on runners. \nCucumber beetles:  Beetles spread bacterial wilt.  To prevent wilt in cucumber and muskmelon crops (watermelon is not susceptible) scout for beetles twice weekly at the seedling stage.\nSquash bug:  Scout undersides of leaves for adults and eggs.\nSquash vine borer:  Monitor for moths with a Scentry Heliothis pheromone trap from early June through early August.  Scout for larvae starting in late June by inspecting stems for frass. \nSlugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations. \nDisease:  Monitor weekly.\nPowdery mildew:  Begin scouting in July.","Aphids:  Scout by inspecting the underside of 50 fully grown leves at 10 sites per field. \nCucumber beetle:  Beetles spread bacterial wilt.  To prevent wilt, scout for beetles twice weekly at the seedling stage.  Monitor weekly for diseases. Scout at least 25 plants to monitor number of beetles and damage.\nSquash bug:  Scout undersides of leaves for adults and eggs. \nSquash vine borer:  Monitor for moths with a Scentry Heliothis pheromone trap from early June through early August.  Scout for larvae starting in late June by inspecting stems for frass. \nSlugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations. \nPowdery mildew:  Begin scouting in July. \nBlack rot:  Carefully scout transplant greenhouse for diseased plants and remove them."]
[null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)","Example: install weather station with rain guage, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sesnors, utilize commercial satellite weather prediction and recording service such as Skybit'","Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, and/or leaf wetness sensors. Utilize commercial satellite weather prediction and recording service, such as 'Skybit' or University of Maine Cooperative Extension weather forecast at pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/forecast.html.","Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, and/or leaf wetness sensors. Utilize commercial satellite weather prediction and recording service, such as 'Skybit' or University of Maine Cooperative Extension weather forecast at pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/forecast.html."]
[null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ","Example:  Pestwatch for corn, Blite Case or WMCE Potato Pest Alerts for potatoes, Umaine Coop. Ext. weather forecast at pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/forecase.html or similar","Use Cucurbit Downey Mildew Weather Forecaster","Use Cucurbit Downey Mildew Weather Forecaster"]
["SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.","Supresses build-up of pest populations.  See NEVMG for recommendations.  Good for weed and disease suppression.","Plow down immediately after final harvest and seed cover crop.","Plow down immediately after final harvest and seed cover crop."]
[null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)","See NEVMG for recommendations","Slicing cucumbers:  Transplant or direct seed to 2' between plants and 6' between rows. \nPickling cucumbers:  Direct seed to 6-8\" between plants and 3-6' between rows, depending on cultivars.\nMuskmelons/watermelons:  Transplant at the second leaf stage to 2' between plants and 4-6' between rows.\n","Plant bush varieties 18-24\" apart within rows and 4-5' between rows.  Plant vining varieities 2-6' between hills (1-3 plants/hill) and 6-12' between rows.  Sow enough seed to ensure a stand that may be thinned later (wintersquash and pumpkins at 2-4 lb/A and summer squash at 4-6 lb/A). \n"]
[null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.",".",".","Use strip-till, zone-till, or no-till for pumpkins."]
[null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.",".","Aphids:  Use reflective plastic mulch to prevent early infestation and virus transmission. (For maximum effectiveness direct seed in reflective mulch.)                                                     ","Aphids:  Use reflective plastic mulch to prevent early infestation and virus transmission. (For maximum effectiveness direct seed in reflective mulch.)  "]
[null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",".","Plant living mulch between rows.  Irrigate crop and mow cover crop.","Non-vining crops:  Plant living mulch between rows.  Irrigate crop and mow cover crop."]
[null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","e.g., Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.","Squash bug:  Keep headlands mowed and clean to reduce overwintering sites.\nBacterial wilt:  Remove infected plants.\nSlugs:  Hand pick/crush.","Squash bug:  Keep headlands mowed and clean to reduce overwintering sites. \nSlugs:  Hand pick/crush.\nBacterial wilt:  Remove infected plants.                "]
[null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)","e.g., temperature controls in greenhouses; flame weeding or other heat mehtods for insects, disease, and weed control; noise makers, reflectors, ribbons, and predator models.",".","."]
[null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)","e.g., synthetic row covers, fencing.","Use spunbonded row covers; remove at flowering.  ","Use spunbonded row covers; remove at flowering.  "]
[null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)","e.g., tile drainage, avoiding planting in low and wet places, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field."]
["SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ","e.g., pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomoato pinworm",".","."]
[null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)","e.g., select pesticides and time applications to minimize impace on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.","Use selective insecticides for other pests to conserve natural enemies.  Do not apply insecticides when pollinators are active in the field.  If application of an insecticide is necessary during blossom, apply it in the evening after the pollinators have left the field or avoid products that are toxic to pollinators.        ","Use selective products to conserve beneficials. Do not apply insecticides when pollinators are active in the field.  If application of an insecticide is necessary during blossom, apply it in the evening after the pollinators have left the field or avoid products that are toxic to pollinators.                                                                             "]
[null,"Release beneficial organisms where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)","e.g., predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.","Two-spotted spider mite:  May use preventive releases of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to suppress populations.","Two-spotted spider mite:  May use preventive releases of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to suppress populations."]
[null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.",".","Incorporate compost prior to planting.","Incorporate compost prior to planting."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)","Including weed-control decisions based on previous year's weed map, and/or pest scouting.","Weeds:  Use only herbicides registered for specific crops. \nAphids:  If 20% of runners or more have live aphids, treatment may be needed.\nCucumber beetle:  Treat when beetle numbers reach 1 beetle/2 plants.  If using transplants, applying recommended repellents or systemics to transplants outside the greenhouse before setting in the field will allow lower rates of application.                                                Squash bug:  Treat if egg masses exceed 1 per plant.\nSquash vine borer:  Treat if more than 5 moths per week are caught.  Control newly hatched larvae by making 2-4 applications at 1 week intervals beginning in late June or early July.  Thoroughly treat stems. \nFungal diseases:  Apply fungicides when diseases first occur. Follow a regular spray program of eradicant or protective fungicides.  Cover leaf undersides and fruit.  Refer to NEVMG for additional guidelines.","Weeds:  Use only herbicides registered for specific crops. \nAphids:  Treat only if 20% of leaves have 5 or more aphids per leaf.  Spot treat to susceptible varieties if appropriate. \nCucumber beetle:  For crops with low susceptibility to wilt and rapid early growth, including butternut and pumpkin, use an action threshold of 1 per plant.  At later growth stages, treat if there is extensive damage to fruit. \nSquash bug:  Treat if egg masses exceed 1 per 100' of row. \nSquash vine borer:  Make 2-4 weekly applications if more than 5 moths per week are caught.  Control newly hatched larvae by making 2-4 applications at 1 week intervals beginning in late June or early July.  Thoroughly treat stems. \nFungal diseases:  Apply fungicides when diseases first occur.  Follow a regular spray program of eradicant or protective fungicides.  Cover leaf undersides and fruit.  Refer to NEVMG for additional guidelines."]
[null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.","e.g., including appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommnded for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Apply insecticides late in the day to avoid injury to pollinators.  Note that squash bees (the most important pollinators of cucurbits) are highly active at dawn.  Use selective materials.\n                          ","Do not apply insecticides when pollinators are active in the field.  Note that squash bees (the most important pollinators of cucurbits) are highly active at dawn.  If application of an insecticide is necessary during blossom, apply it in the evening after pollinators have left the field and avoid products that are toxic to pollinators.                                                                           "]
[null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Based on label, scouting results, and action thresholds for extension recommendations for targeted pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest."]
[null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)","e.g., spot treatment where pests are found; or seed, edge or field perimeter (border) treatments.","Weeds: See NEVMG for recommendations.  Use stale seedbed technique if utilizing Gramoxone or Roundup 4S. For weed control between black plastic rows, see NEVMG in Weed Management section.\nCucumber beetle:  Treat perimeter trap crops with a systemic at planting or with a foliar insecticide as soon as the first beetles arrive.\nFlea beetles:  Apply spot treatment targeting young plants along the field edge.","Weeds: See NEVMG or recommendations.  Use stale seedbed technique if utilizing Roundup or scythe.  Refer to NEVMG.\nCutworms:  Spot spray heavily damaged sections of the field.  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground."]
[null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.","At least pre-season and any time there is a significant modification or repaire to the equipment.","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)"]
[null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  (Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.)","Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance, leaving small areas untreated, etc.","Disease:  Alternate fungicides.  Do not rotate fungicides in same resistance class.  Maintain thorough coverage.\nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests.  Use selective products whenever possible.  May use preventive releases of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to suppress populations.","Disease: Alternate fungicides.  Do not rotate fungicides in same resistance class.  Maintain thorough coverage.\nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests.  Use selective products whenever possible.  With most miticides (not bifenazate), use 2 applications, approximately 5-7 days apart, to help control immature mites that were in the egg stage during the first application.  Alternate between products after 2 applications to help prevent or delay resistence.\n                    "]
[null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)",".","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using non-selective herbicides such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using pelargonic acid (Scythe).  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff."]
[null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)","e.g., wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayer, double-drop sprayer, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drft nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift."]
[null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Such as surface waters, schools, residences, neighboring crops, etc.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
[null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.",".","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output."]
[null,null,"."]
[null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:","."]
[null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.    "]
[null," > Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.                 "]
[null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.            "]
[null,"> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.     "]
[null,"> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state."]
[null,">Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Crucifers, Greens, Herbs","index":5,"n_rows":54,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":54,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[36,0,45,0],[32,0,35,0],[23,0,31,0],[0,0,0,2],[8,0,14,0],[15,0,19,0],[20,0,22,0],[3,2,3,3],[4,2,4,3]]}
["Crucifers, Greens, and Herbs"]
[]
[null,"Common Crucifers","Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower","Brussel Sprouts, Chinese Cabbage, Collards, Kohrabi, Mustard, Kale","Lettuce, Endive, Escarole","Mesclun","Spinach"]
[null,"Major Pests","Cabbage aphid, cabbage looper (CL), diamondback moth (DBM), imported cabbageworm (ICW), cabbage root maggot fly, cutworm, flea beetle, leaf miners, onion thrips, slugs, Swede midge, whiteflies",null,"Aphids,cabbage looper, cutworms, leafhopper, tarnished plant bug, leafminer, slugs, whiteflies","Aphids, whiteflies, cabbage looper, cutworms, flea beetles, leafminers, DBM, ICW","Aphids (green peach aphid), leafminers, blister beetles, cabbage looper, fall armyworm"]
[null,"Major Diseases","Alternaria damping off, Alternaria leaf & head rot, black leg, black rot, club root, downey mildew, Fusarium yellows, seed decay, wire stem, turnip mosaic virus",null,"Gray mold (Botrytis), bottom rot (Rhizoctonia), drop, white mold (Sclerotinia minor), Septoria leaf spot, downey mildew, lettuce and cucumber mosaic viruses, seed decay, yellows","Downey mildew,  Rhizoctonia ","Blight (cucumber mosaic virus), downey mildew, seed decay, white rust"]
[null,"Disorders","Oedema of cabbage, head rot & brown beading (broccoli)",null,"Tip burn "]
[]
["Principle","Practices","Cabbage, Broccolli, Cauliflower","Brussel Sprouts, Chinese Cabbage, Collards, Kohrabi, Mustard, Kale","Lettuce, Endive, Escarole","Mesclun","Spinach"]
["PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)","Use tranplants grown in New England to avoid importing DBM that have already developed resistance to one or more classes of insecticides.","Use tranplants grown in New England to avoid importing DBM that have already developed resistance to one or more classes of insecticides.","Plant disease-free certified or treated seed and disease-free transplants.  ",".","Use virus-free seed and seed treated for seed decay."]
[null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)",".",".",".","Flaming can be used. Prepare seedbed at least 2-3 weeks prior planting so weeds after adequate time to emerge.\nAfter crop emergence use shallow cultivation.  Do not move soil into corp row to reduce susceptibility to disease.","."]
[null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)","Maintain adequate soil water during seeding, transplanting, and period of rapid vegetative growth.              ",".","Avoid overhead irrigation.  Irrigate in the morning or with sub-surface irrigation to provide dry soil.",".","."]
[null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)",".",".","Drop, white mold:  Sterilize soil with chemicals, steam, or heat (solarization) to reduce inoculum levels.\nDowney mildew:  Protect greenhouse grown plants with fungicides to prevent introduction of disease into the field.",".","."]
[null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)","Incorporate and disk crop residues shortly after harvest.","Incorporate and disk crop residues shortly after harvest.","Aphids:  If one planting becomes infested, use tillage to incorporate crop residue and prevent spread to succession plantings.\nDrop, white mold:  Deep plow after harvest to bury sclerotia.  Incorporation of Brassica crop residues may provide a suppressive effect.                                                     ",".","."]
[null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.",".",".","Yellows:  Control alternate weed hosts. ",".","Blight:  Eliminate weeds such as chickweed, pokeweed, and milkweed. \nLeafminers:  Remove weed hosts including lambsquarter, nightshade, chickweed, and plantain. "]
[null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nIf the level of boron in the soil is low, apply as an additive to the fertilizer.  Refer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nApply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. ","Chinese cabbage:  See NEVMG p85 for details regarding nitrogen management.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. Maintain adequate calcium levels to prevent tip burn. \nAdd the band fertilizer amount to the preplant broadcast application if the fertilizer cannot be banded at planting.                                          If using transplants, use of a liquid starter fertilizer at planting time is beneficial, especially with cool soil conditions.  Use a high phosphorus starter fertilizer mixed at a rate of 2 lb/50 gal water.  Apply 8 fl oz (1 cup) per transplant. \nApply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. \nDrop, white mold:  Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization. \nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.","Base application of fertilizer on soil tests results.  Refer to NEVMG p.138. for plant nutrient recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nCorrect low magnesium levels in the soil by using high magnesium lime (dolomitic) or by adding magnesium to the fertilizer.  Make a topical application of 10-15 lb magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) in 100 gal water.  Spray to wet foilage.\nSidedress nitrogen when crop need is apparent.  Avoid putting fertilizer directly onto crop foliage. \nApply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. \nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations."]
["AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).","Cabbage maggot:  Rotate spring crops to fields that were not planted with fall Brassicas.","Cabbage maggot:  Rotate spring crops to fields that were not planted with fall Brassicas.","Rotate crops, especially if double cropping in same field.\nBottom rot:  Rotate crops with non-hosts.  ",".","Practice crop rotation."]
[null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)","Cauliflower: Plant in fertile, moist soil relatively high in organic matter and nitrogen.  For early plantings, plant in coarse textured soils (sands, sandy loams, etc.).\nCauliflower & broccoli: Plant in raised beds of 4\".",".","Avoid close planting and orient rows in the direction of prevailing winds.  Do not plant in poorly drained areas or near moist, shady habitats.  Plant on raised beds.  Do not plant where excessive plant residues are present.\nGreen peach aphid:  Plant away from Prunus sp. (peach, wild cherry, etc.). \nPotato aphid:  Avoid planting near members of the rose family. \nTarnished plant bug:  DO NOT plant adjacent to alfalfa or hay field. \nMosaic viruses:  Plant mosaic-indexed seed away from old lettice fields. \nYellows:  Do not plant lettuce or other sensitive crops in fields or areas having a history of this disease.                               ",".","Plant away from Prunus sp. (peach, wild cherry, etc.). "]
[null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)",".",".","Downy mildew, tip burn:  Plant resistant or tolerant cultivars.",".","Blight/downy mildew/white rust:  Grow resistent varieties."]
[null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)","Cabbage aphids:  Avoid fall plantings. \nCabbage maggot:  Delay planting of brassica crops until after soil temperatures are high enough to kill eggs. ","Kale:  Best to plant as fall crop, but can be succession planted all season. \nCabbage aphids:  Avoid fall plantings of brussel sprouts. \nCabbage maggot:  Delay planting of brassica crops until after soil temperatures are high enough to kill eggs. ",".",".","."]
[null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.",".",".",".",".","."]
["MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ","ICW:  Use bucket-type pheromone traps to monitor moth flight late July to August.\nDBM:  Scout fields by checking underside of leaves on 25 plants across the field.\nCL, DBM, ICW:  Scout for DBM & ICW throughout growing season and for CL mid- to late-season.\nICW:  Look for single eggs and larvae on underside of leaves and larvae on the heads of cabbage and broccoli.  Also look for the adult cabbage butterfly. \nCabbage maggot:  Scout early spring when adult flies are active and late August-early September for fall crops.  Look at the base of the plant for small (1/32\"), white, bullet-shaped eggs.","ICW:  Use bucket-type pheromone traps to monitor moth flight late July to August. \nDBM:  Scout fields by checking underside of leaves on 25 plants across the field. \nCL, DBM, ICW:  Scout for DBM & ICW throughout growing season and for CL mid- to late-season. \nICW:  Look for single eggs and larvae on underside of leaves and larvae on the heads of cabbage and broccoli.  Also look for the adult cabbage butterfly.\nCabbage maggot:  Scout early spring when adult flies are active and late August-early September for fall crops.  Look at the base of the plant for small (1/32\"), white, bullet-shaped eggs.","Aphids:  Scout plants beginning at seedling stage.  Check field margins where infestations begin.\nCutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September. \nSlugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations. \nLeafhoppers:  Hosts to phytoplasm which causes yellows.  Control populations.\n","Cutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September.","Aphids:  Scout plants beginning at seedling stage.  Check field margins where infestations begin. \nLeafminers:  Scout especially in mid-May, late-June, and mid-August. \nFall armyworm:  Monitor moths with a bucket trap (eg Universal Moth trap or Multipher traps) with a lure (Scentry lure, PSU type).  Count moths at least weekly.  Scout by checking 100 plants in groups of 10 or 20 in a V or X pattern across the field.  Avoid checking only field edges and start at random, not only where damage is seen."]
[null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ",".",".",".",".","Use Cucurbit Downey Mildew Weather Forecaster"]
["SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.","Cabbage maggot/flea beetles:  Protect spring crops with spunbonded row covers at the time of seeding or transplanting and seal the edges with soil.  Use only on rotated fields.","Cabbage maggot/flea beetles:  Protect spring crops with spunbonded row covers at the time of seeding or transplanting and seal the edges with soil.  Use only on rotated fields.",".",".","."]
[null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)","Cabbage:  Plant 2-4 seeds 1/2 - 3/4\" deep, 12-15\" apart with 24-36\" between rows.  Thin when 2-4\"tall.  Do not allow plants to become crowded.                                                  Cauliflower:  Plant 15-18\" apart with 30-36\" between rows.",".","Crisphead, endive, escarole:  Achieve final spacing of 12-18\" between plants and 12-24\" between rows.  May plant on 4' wide, raised 4\" high beds with 3-4 rows per bed.                                             Other lettuce types:  Achieve final spacing of 10-16\" between plants and 10-18\" between rows.  ","Seeding rates vary with seed size and species.  Generally, space plants <1\" between plants and 2-3\" between rows on 30\"-wide beds.","Seed to achieve 6-8 plants per foot of row with 12\" between rows.  (Thinning is not recommended.)  Seed 1/4-1/2\" deep depending on soil moisture and temperature, deeper if warm, dry soil.  "]
[null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information."]
[null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.",".",".","Green peach aphid:  Use reflective plastic mulch.",".","Green peach aphid:  Use reflective plastic mulch."]
[null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)",".",".",".",".","Leafminers:  Use deep plowing in spring to reduce population."]
[null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)",".","Flea beetles:  Use rowcovers from planting until harvest.",".","Flea beetles:  Use rowcovers from planting until harvest.","Spinach leafminer:  Use row covers combined with crop rotation"]
[null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)",".",".",".",".","."]
["SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)","Use selective materials or microbial products to spare pollinators as well as beneficials (e.g. parasitic wasps attack larvae) that help control aphids, DBM, and ICW populations.","Use selective materials or microbial products to spare pollinators as well as beneficials (e.g. parasitic wasps attack larvae) that help control aphids, DBM, and ICW populations.","Green peach aphid:  Preserve pollinators and natural enemies (lady beetles, lacewings, spiders, syrphid fly larvae, wasps, and beneficial fungi) by using selective/microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible.  Avoid early-season broad-spectrum sprays.","Aphids/DBM/ICW:  Use selective materials or microbial products to spare beneficials (e.g. parasitic wasps attack larvae) .","Green peach aphid:  Preserve pollinators and natural enemies (lady beetles, lacewings, spiders, syrphid fly larvae, wasps, and beneficial fungi) by using selective/microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible.  Avoid early-season broad-spectrum sprays."]
[null,"Release beneficial organisms where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)","Cabbage aphid:  Treat if greater than 10% of plants are infested anytime after heads or sprouts begin to form.\nCL, DBM, ICW:  Treat young plants only if weather conditions delay plant development and at least 35% of them are infested.  Treat plants between the start of heading and harvest if 20% or more of the plants are infested.  The most critical time to scout and apply controls is just prior to head formation. \nCabbage maggot:  Apply a soil drench 2-3 days after finding an average of 1 egg/plant. ","Cabbage aphid (brussel sprouts):  Treat if greater than 10% of plants are infested anytime after heads or sprouts begin to form. \nCL, DBM, ICW:  Treat young plants only if weather conditions delay plant development and at least 35% of them are infested.  Treat plants between the start of heading and harvest if 20% or more of the plants are infested.  The most critical time to scout and apply controls is just prior to head formation.\nKale, collards, mustard:  Use a 10-15% threshold throughout the season. \nCabbage maggot:  Apply a soil drench 2-3 days after finding an average of 1 egg/plant. ","Green peach aphid:  Spray only when aphids are increasing and building up to high numbers. \nCabbage looper:  Treat young plants only if weather conditions delay plant development and at least 35% of them are infested.    ",".","Green peach aphid:  Treat when one aphid/plant on seedlings and 4-10 aphids per plant on older plants. \nLeafminers:  Treat when eggs or first tiny mites are noticed.  Repeat in 7-10 days. \nCabbage looper:  Treat young plants only if weather conditions delay plant development and at least 35% of them are infested. \nFall armyworm:  Treat when 15% or more of plants are infested. \nWhite rust:  Apply preplant and foliar fungicides."]
[null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.","Use a spreader-sticker with insecticides to provide better coverage and more insecticde persistence.\nUse appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Use a spreader-sticker with insecticides to provide better coverage and more insecticde persistence.\nUse appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Green peach aphid:  Add a spreader-sticker.",".","Green peach aphid:  Add a spreader-sticker."]
[null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Do not use less than 50 gal spray material/A; higher volumes provide better coverage.","Do not use less than 50 gal spray material/A; higher volumes provide better coverage.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations."]
[null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe.\nCabbage maggot:  Use a direct spray method applying pesticide in a narrow band with enough water to penetrate the root zone - over the row for direct seeded Brassica or directed to the base of the plant for transplanted crops.","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe.\nCabbage maggot:  Use a direct spray method applying pesticide in a narrow band with enough water to penetrate the root zone - over the row for direct seeded Brassica or directed to the base of the plant for transplanted crops.","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup or Gramoxone.\nCutworms:  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.\nSlugs:  Scatter baits on ground near infested plants.  When appropriate, apply pesticides around perimeter, around base of plants, or band down rows.\nDowney mildew:  Protect greenhouse grown plants with fungicides to prevent introduction of disease into the field.","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe. \nCutworms:  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup.\nBlister beetle:  Use a single spot spray with a broad-spectrum insecticide registered for caterpillars on spinach.\nDowney mildew:  Treat at first sign of disease."]
[null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)"]
[null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  (Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.)","DBM:  Alternate between effective pesticides to retard development of resistance.  Use newer pesticides and the aizawai strain of Bacillus thuringiensis for better control of resistant DBM.","DBM:  Alternate between effective pesticides to retard development of resistance.  Use newer pesticides and the aizawai strain of Bacillus thuringiensis for better control of resistant DBM.","To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop.  Rotate fungicides with different modes of action.","To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop.","To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop.  Rotate fungicides with different modes of action."]
[null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \nCL, DBM, ICW:  Use drop nozzles for better coverage of lower leaf surfaces.","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \nCL, DBM, ICW:  Use drop nozzles for better coverage of lower leaf surfaces.","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \nCabbage looper:  Use drop nozzles for better coverage of lower leaf surfaces.",".","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \nCabbage looper:  Use drop nozzles for better coverage of lower leaf surfaces."]
[null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.","Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift."]
[null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
[null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output."]
[null,null,"."]
[null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:","."]
[null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.    "]
[null," > Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.                 "]
[null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.            "]
[null,"> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.     "]
[null,"> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state."]
[null,".Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Solanaceae","index":6,"n_rows":54,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":54,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[36,0,45,0],[32,0,35,0],[0,0,0,2],[8,0,14,0],[15,0,19,0],[20,0,22,0],[23,0,31,0]]}
["Solanaceae"]
[]
[null,"Common Solanaceae:","Okra","Eggplant","Pepper","Potato","Tomato"]
[null,"Major Pests:","Aphids, corn earworm, Japanese beetles, two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), stink bugs, nematodes","Aphids, blister beetles, Colorado potato beetle CPB), cutworms, flea beetles, leafhoppers (especially potato leafhopper), two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), tarnished plant bug, tomato fruit worm, pepper maggot, whiteflies","Aphids, whiteflies, Colorado potato beetle (CPB), cutworms, European corn borer (ECB), other caterpillars, fall armyworm, hornworms, leafminers, thrips, mites, pepper maggot","Aphids (green peach,buckthorn, potato), Colorado potato beetle (CPB), cutworms, European corn borer (ECB), flea beetles, potato leafhopper, wireworms \nWeeds:  Yellow nutsedge, quackgrass, barnyard, lambs quarter, nightshade, red rooted pig weed","Aphids, cabbage looper (CL), tomato fruitworm (TFW), tomato/tobacco hornworms (THW), Colorado potato beetle (CPB), cutworms, flea beetles, leafminers, slugs, stink bugs, two-spotted spider mite, whiteflies"]
[null,"Major Diseases:","Damping-off, Fusarium & Verticillium wilts, fruit rot (Choanephora)","Anthracnose, damping-off, Verticillium wilt ","Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), damping-off, seed decay, Phytophthora crown rot and blight, sunscald, tobacco and mosaic tomato virus (TMV, TOMMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)","Early blight (Alternaria), late blight (Phytophthora), common scab (Streptomyces), Pythium leak, Verticillium & Fusarium wilt, potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato viruses:  S (PVS), A (PVA), X (PVX), Y (PVY rugose mosaic)","Grey mold (Botrytis), leaf spots: early blight (alternaria & Septora leafspot, anthracnose (Colletotrichium species), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), powdery mildew, white mold, Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia species), Phytophthora blight and fruit rot (P. capsici & Pythium species), seed decay, damping-off, bacterial canker, bacterial speck, bacterial spot, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco & tomato mosiac virus (TMV, TOMMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Fusarium & Verticillium wilt"]
[null,"Disorders:",null,null,null,null,"Blossom end rot, blotchy ripening, greywall, fruit cracking "]
[]
["Principle","Practices","Okra","Eggplant","Pepper","Potato","Tomato"]
["PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)",".","Whiteflies:  Transplant clean plants to field.\nUse certified, disease-free seed, fungicide treated seed, or treat seed with hot water to disinfect.","Produce own transplants or contract with a reputable local supplier to minimize risk of importing severe disease and insect problems.\nUse seed treated with fungicide.\nBacterial spot:  Hot water treat pepper seeds.\n","Plant only disease-free certified or foundation seed. Do not keep potatoes for seed.","Use tranplants clean of aphids, whiteflies, & thrips. Use hot water treated seed or certified disease-free seed.   Use sterile growing media."]
[null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)","Handweed in the planting holes after transplanting.  On bare ground, employ flaming prior to transplanting.  Keep cultivations shallow after transplanting.",".","Keep fields weed-free between 2 and 10 weeks after transplanting in bare-ground culture and between 4 and 10 weeks in plasticulture.","Begin hilling and cultivating after plants begin to emerge and complete prior to plants filling half the of the row. Cultivate during hilling.","Flea beetles:  Remove or avoid spring weed hosts.\nSlugs/Diseases:  Control weeds."]
[null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)",".","Irrigate during flowering and fruit set.\nTSSM:  Use overhead irrigation to reduce populations.","Avoid overwatering in greenhouse.  \nHang watering devices when not in use.  Do not permit moisture to remain on seedlings for more than 2-3 hours after watering.\nUse trickle irrigation at least 1-2 times weekly as needed due to shallow root system.","Avoid harvesting in wet conditions to minimize storage diseases.","TSSM:  Use overhead irrigation to reduce populations.\nDiseases:  Avoid overhead irrigation.\nWhite mold/Sclerotinia/Phytophthora blight & fruit rot:  Irrigate in the morning or use buried drip irrigation.\n"]
[null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)",".","Flea beetles:  Use clean cultivation.","Use disease-free media.\nAvoid contamination from greenhouse floor by lining it with plastic. \nGrow plants on benches.\nDisinfect used flats, cell-packs, bench tops, machinery etc.   Keep tools and hose nozzles clean. \nWork infected fields last and hose down equipment before returning to non-infested fields.\nDo not allow workers to use tobacco products while working with plants.\nTSWV:  Do not raise tomato, pepper, eggplant, or cauliflower transplants in the same greenhouse as ornamentals.","Thoroughly clean and disinfect all storage and potato handling equipment surfaces prior to handling and placing the crop into storage.\nBacterial Ring Rot: Thoroughly disinfect all equipment, storage surfaces, tools and footwear.                                                                        Flea beetles:  Use clean cultivation.\nPotato storage diseases:  Prevent mechanical injury during harvesting and handling.","Use jointless varieties when available to avoid damaging other fruit in packaging.\nFlea beetles/slugs/diseases:  Use clean cultivation.\nDisease:  Avoid working in fields when plants are wet. Avoid bringing contaminated soil on equipment to new land.\nTMV/TOMMV:  Avoid wearing soiled clothes. Do not allow smoking or workers to handle tobacco products while working with plants.  Wash hands after smoking and weeding.  Handle plants as little as possible.  Clean tools after use."]
[null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Distroy crop residue in the fall to help manage some insects and diseases.)",".","Verticillium wilt:  Remove and destroy infested plant material after harvest.","Cutworms:  Fall plow when peppers follow sod/hay in rotation to reduce spring egg-laying sites. \nPepper maggot:  Destroy crop residue after harvest. ",null,"Late blight/leaf spots - early blight and Septoria:  Promptly plow under old tomato fields after harvest. Eliminate cull piles."]
[null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of diseases.",".","Keep fields free of solanaceous weeds and volunteers.","Keep fields weed-free between 2 and 10 weeks after transplanting in bare-ground culture and between 4 and 10 weeks in plasticulture.\nEliminate small patches of Solanaceous weeds, such as jimsonweed and horsenettle, prior to transplanting.  Reduce the following weeds as much as is practical:  chickweed, pokeweed, and milkweed.","Flea beetles:  Remove or avoid spring weed hosts.\nDisease:  Destroy volunteer plants.\nCommon scab:  Eliminate weed hosts.\nViruses:  Remove rogue plants with symptoms & volunteer plants.Cull piles: To be controlled by June 10.                                                                                                                                                                 ","Flea beetles/anthracnose:  Remove or avoid weed hosts.\nSlugs:  Control weeds.\nLate blight:  Eliminate volunteer plants of both tomato and potato.\nCMV:  Reduce weeds, especially chickweed, pokeweed, & milkweed.\n"]
[null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain a soil pH at 6.5-7.0.\nIf plants are to be grown on plastic mulch, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be sidedressed.  If using transplants, apply a liquid fertilizer before tranplanting, especially with cool soil conditions. \nTSSM:  Do not overfertilize.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain a soil pH at 6.5-6.8.\nUse a liquid starter fertilizer at transplanting, especially with cool soil conditions.  Use a high phosphorus starter fertilizer mixed according to label directions.  If plants are to be grown on plastic mulch, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be sidedressed.  Instead of sidedressing, nitrogen can be applied through trickle irrigation which is especially advantageous with plastic mulch.  (See NEVMG for more information.)\nUse less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. \nTSSM:  Do not overfertilize.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain pH at 6.5-6.8.\nUse a liquid starter fertilizer at transplanting, especially with cool soil conditions.  Use a high phosphorus starter fertilizer mixed according to label directions.  Rather than sidedress, apply nitrogen through a trickle irrigation system.  Use less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. \nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nBacterial spot:  Maintain proper nutrient levels.  Avoid using dolomitic lime (high magnesium) before planting peppers.  \nSunscald:  Promote good foliage growth with proper fertilization and irrigation during prolonged periods of hot weather.","Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results and the potato cultivar to be planted.  Maintain soil pH at 6.0 for common scab resistant varieties and pH 5.0-5.2 for common scab susceptible varieties.\nApply P and K according to soil test results.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nEarly blight (Alternaria):  Maintain proper fertility and mineral balance.\nCommon scab:  Avoid using non-decomposed manure as fertilizer.","Transplants:  Provide a complete nutrient solution supplemented with trace elements, (the latter especially if artifical mixes are used).  Follow directions on fertilizer label. Use a fertilizer in which most of the nitrogen is in nitrate form rather than ammonium or urea.  Use a liquid starter fertilizer when transplanting. Use a high phosphorus starter fertilizer mixed according to label instructions.\nField Culture:\nApply lime according to soil test results to maintain pH at 6.5-6.8.  Maintain high calcium (65-80% base saturation).  Use calcite lime or gypsum if necessary.\nReduce amount of sidedressed nitrogen fertilizer when growing on plastic mulch, apply when laying plastic.  Refer to NEVMG for nitrogen amounts when using fertigation.\nUse less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.\nBlossom end rot/blotchy ripening/grewall:  Use nitrate forms (no urea or ammonium sources) when sidedressing nitrogen.  Avoid excessive levels of potassium.\nLeaf spots - early blight & Septoria:  Provide optimum nutrition throughout season.\nWhite mold/Sclerotinia:  Avoid excessive nitrogen levels.  Ensure adequate potassium fertility and calcium."]
["AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).","Fusarium/Verticillium wilts:  Rotate with non-solanaceous crops.  Avoid planting in fields where these diseases are present.","Flea beetles:  Rotate crops.\nAnthracnose:  Rotate with non-solanaceous crops for at least 3 years.\nVerticillium wilt:  Follow a 4-5 year rotation with non-solanaceous crops and strawberry.","Hairy galinsoga:  Rotate to crops where effective triazine herbicides are registered for use, such as sweet corn. \nBacterial spot/TMV, TOMMV:  Rotate to fields where Solanaceous crops and weeds in the nightshade family have not existed for at least 2 years.  \nPhytophthora crown rot  and blight:  Practice a 3-year or longer rotation with plants other than pepper, tomato, eggplant, or cucurbits.","CPB: Where possible rotate potatoes, eggplant, and tomato to a field that is at least 200 yards from the previous year's fields.  Take advantage of barriers such roads, rivers, woodlands, and fields with other crops.\nFlea beetles:  Rotate crops.\nWireworms:  Do not grow in rotation with sod or pasture crops. Delay planting susceptible crops, such as potatoes or corn, on such land for at least 2 years after the sod has been broken.\nEarly blight (Alternaria):  Avoid growing peppers, tomatoes, and potatoes in a continuous rotation. \nCommon scab:  Rotate out of potatoes for at least 2 years when scab is present.\nVerticillium & Fusarium wilt:  Rotate with non-susceptible crops such as grasses. ","Heirloom varieties:  Use rotation to prevent disease as most varieties are not resistent.\nDisease:  Rotate out of tomatoes for at least 2 years.\nWhite mold/Sclerotinia blight:  Rotate with corn or other grass species."]
[null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)",null,"Plant in deep, well-drained sandy loam soils, ideally with southern exposures. \nTSSM:  Avoid weedy fields and do not plant eggplant adjacent to legume forage crops.\nTarnished plant bug:  Avoid planting near alfalfa fields.","Set plants in field when soil temperature is at least 60oF.\nAvoid planting near Prunus species, cucurbits, and sites with horse nettle.\nPhytophthora crown rot and blight:  Avoid planting into soils known to be contaminated with Phytophthora.  If planting into infested soils, chisel plow to improve drainage, fumigate soil, and plant on raised beds domed in the center.","Plant in warm seedbed with medium field capacity in moisture content and of uniform texture.\n\nCommon scab:  Avoid planting scab susceptable varieties in fields with history of scab.  ","Grow in well-drained soils high in organic matter.\nCPB:  Do not transplant to fields perviously planted to potato or eggplant.\nSlugs:  Grow plants away from moist shaded habitats.\nTSSM:  Avoid weedy fields and do not plant adjacent to legume forage crops.\nAnthracnose:  Rotate non-host crops at least every other year.\nPhytophthora blight & fruit rot: Prepare soil & beds to enhance drainage.  Avoid planting in low areas.\nCMV:  Isolate tomato fields from cucurbits, especially where there is history of CMV.\nTSWV:  Do not raise tomato, pepper, eggplant, or cauliflower in same greenhouse as ornamentals."]
[null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)",null,"eggplant 10","Use disease resistent varieties.","Disease:  Plant disease resistent strains.","Late blight/TMV/TOMMV:  Use resistant cultivars where available."]
[null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)","Do not plant until soil temperatures have warmed in the spring.","eggplant 11","Pepper 11",null,"Tomato 11"]
[null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.",".","Pepper maggot:  Use perimeter trap crop of cherry peppers.  Spot spray the trap crop (only) when the first stings (egg-laying scars) occur on the peppers or adult flies are captured on traps.","Pepper maggot:  Use perimeter trap cropping of cherry peppers in rows surrounding main pepper crop.","CPB:  Use perimeter trap crops of potatoes planted earlier than main crop or planted between overwintering sites and the current season's crop.  Flame, vacuum, or spray border crop before beetles move into main crop.  Or, plant a minimum 4-8 rows of potatoes treated with a systemic insecticide in a perimeter around the fields.","Flea beetles:  Plant Italian or Oriental eggplant around tomato field."]
["MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ",".","Aphids:  Begin monitoring the first of July.\nCPB:  Begin monitoring in June.  Watch for emergence of summer adults in July and August.  Scout to determine number of adults, egg masses, small and large larvae, and to assess feeding damage.\nCutworms:  Scout fields weekly through June after transplanting, checking at least 100 plants for cut stems, especially near field margins.  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor frequently during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September.","Aphids:  Begin scouting early June for aphids and presence of beneficial species.\nCutworms: Scout fields 1-2 times per week through June after transplanting, checking at least 100 plants for leaf feeding and cut stems, especially near field margins.  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor frequently during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September. \nECB:  Use pheromone traps to monitor adult flight activity.\nPepper maggot:  Monitor fruits of pepper plants adjacent to tree lines weekly in July for egg-laying scars.  Use cherry pepper plants located in perimeter as indicator plants.  Monitor adults with yellow sticky-traps hung in nearby trees and baited with vials of ammonia. \nBacterial spot:  Scout fields weekly for plants with small brown leaf spots.\nTSWV:  Monitor thrips in the greenhouse and control as necessary.","Weeds:  Use weed maps of field areas in planning weed control and determining needed shifts in strategy.\nInsects:  Institute regular field scouting.  Aphids:  Begin scouting as plants emerge.  Examine 50 fully grown compound leaves (5 leaves at 10 locations in the field) from top, middle, and bottom of the canopy.\nCPB:  Scout weekly.  If the number of CPB is approaching threshold, recheck in 3-5 days.  \nCutworm caterpillars:  Scout fields 1-2 times per week through July, checking at least 100 plants for leaf feeding and cut stems, especially near field margins.  Cutworms: Monitor for cutworms using appropiate traps.   \nRecommended Economic thresholds: Aphids: tablestock and processing   50% of the plants with aphids or one winged green peach aphid; seed  10% of the plants with aphids or one winged green peach aphid.  Colorado potato beetles: small larvae 200 per 50 plants; large larvae 75 per 50 plants; adults 25 per 50 plants. Flea beetle: average of 15 \"shot\" holes on the terminal leaflet European corn borer: 1 egg mass per 15 plants or 60 moths collected in a heliothis style pheromone trap in 7 days. Potato leafhopper: 10 nymphs per 100 leaves.","Aphids:  Monitor growing tips & under leaf surfaces.\nCutworms:  Scout fields weekly checking at least 100 plants for fruit feeding.  Monitor with blacklight trap or yellow & white Unitrap from July through September.\nFlea beetles:  Sweep young plants along field edges 25 times.\nSlugs:  Slugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations.\nTSWV:  Monitor thrip  and control as necessary. "]
[null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)",".",".",".",".","Leaf spots - early blight & Septoria:  Utilize weather forecasting system."]
[null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ",".",".","ECB:  Check state sweet corn IPM reports for flight activity."," Late blight and early blight (Alternaria):  Use disease forecasting system.","Anthracnose/Leaf spots - early blight & Septoria:  Apply fungicides according to a disease forecasting system."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.",".",".",".",null,"."]
[null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)","Space plants 12-18\" in rows with 36\" between rows.\nFruit rot:  Improve air circulation by proper plant spacing.","Transplant in the field when 6-8 wks old, fairly large, and slightly hardened.  Place plants 18\" (small plant types) to 30\" (large plant types) between plants and 36-42\" between rows.","Transplant to 8\" within rows and 3-3.5' between rows, allowing more space for larger plants.\nWhen using black plastic (5' wide), plant 2 rows per bed with rows on each bed as far apart as the plastic permits and 18\" apart in rows.","Plant seed pieces 6-18\" apart depending upon variety and intended use within rows. Plant 2-4\" below soil level to prevent sunburn, but only 2\" below soil level to promote rapid emergence and reduce risk of soil-borne diseases such as Rhizoctonia.","Transplants:  Place on greenhouse bench so leaves do not touch or overlap during growing period.\nField culture:  \nTrellised - 6-7' between double row centers, 14-18\" between plants, 18-24\" between pairs of rows. \nStaked - 12-18\" apart in rows when pruning to a single stem, 18-24\" apart when pruning to two stems, 5' between rows.\nStake & weave - 5-6\" between rows, 18-24\" between plants.\nGround - For small-vined (determinate) varieties, 4-6' between rows, 12-24\" between plants; for large-vined (indeterminate) varieties, 5-7' between rows, 2-3' between plants. \nAnthracnose/Phytophthora blight & fruit rot:  Stake plants to reduce fruit contact with soil."]
[null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.",null,"Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information."]
[null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.","Weeds:  Apply plastic mulch at least 2-3 weeks prior to planting.  Kill the weeds between the mulch prior to setting okra plants on the plastic.","Verticillium wilt:  Use black plastic mulch.","Use plastic mulch, especially if combined with trickle irrigation.\nAphids:  Use reflective plastic mulch.",null,"Apply black plastic mulch when soil is at or near moisture capacity. \nAnthracnose/Phytophthora blight  & fruit rot:  Use mulch to reduce fruit contact with soil."]
[null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",".",".",".",null,"Tomato 20"]
[null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)",".","Flea beetles:  Use clean cultivation.",".","May cultivate and hill using discs, rolling cultivators, hilling listers, or implements with winged cultivator teeth.\n","Flea beetles/disease:  Use clean cultivation.\nSlugs:  Handpick or crush.  Scatter baits on ground near infested plants."]
[null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)","Aphids:  Use reflective mulch.",".",".","CPB:  Install plastic-lined trench traps next to overwintering sites at least 1 week before adults emerge. (See NEVMG p162.)","Sclerotinia:  Sterilize soil using chemical, steam, or heat treatments (solarization)."]
[null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)",".","Use floating row covers.  Insure plants are clear of aphids and white flies before setting in the field.  Apply row covers immediately after setting transplants.  Remove at bloom.",".","Flea beetles:  Use row covers if practicle for deterant.","Flea beetles:  Use row covers."]
[null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)",".",".",".",null,"Phytophthora blight & fruit rot: Prepare soil & beds to enhance drainage.  Avoid planting in low areas."]
["SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ",".",".",".",null,"."]
[null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)",".",".","Preserve natural enemies (lady beetles, lacewings, spiders, syrphid fly larvae, wasps, and beneficial fungi) by using selective/microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible."," Aphids and CPB:  Conserve natural enemies","Tomato/tobacco hornworms:  Conserve natural enemies such as the braconid wasp.  Move caterpillars covered with numerous white wasp pupae to a plant that will not be sprayed. Use other selective insecticides to preserve natural enemies and avoid secondary pest outbreaks."]
[null,"Release beneficial organisms and use biorationals where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)",".","TSSM:  May release predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, as preventive measure.","Use microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible.","CPB:  Beauvaria bassiana may be used to suppress populations.  Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis may be used to kill larvae. ","Tomato hornworm:  Use microbial products (Bt, spinosad).\nTSSM:  May release predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, as preventive measure."]
[null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)","TSSM:   Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests. Use selective products whenever possible.","Aphids:  Treat when 1-2 aphids per leaf are observed.  Use a selective insecticide during the first 2 weeks of July to prevent need for sprays later. \nCPB:  Treat when there are 2 small or 1 large larvae per plant (if plant is <6\" or 4 small/ 2 large larvae per plant (if plant >6\").\nCutworms:  Spot spray damaged areas or edges of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down.\nFlea beetles:  Treat newly set transplants if they have 2 flea beetles per plant, seedlings 3-6\" tall if they have more than 4 beetles per plant, and plants over 6\" tall if they have 8 beetles per plant. \nLeafhoppers:  Treat if there is an average of more than 1-1.5 leafhoppers per leaf.\nTSSM:   Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests. Use selective products whenever possible.","Aphids:  Treat only when aphids are inreasing and building up to high numbers.  Treat at 5-7 day intervals if aphids exceed 10 per leaf before leaf set and 5 per leaf after fruit set.\nCutworms:  Spot spray damaged areas or edges of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down.\nECB:  Apply insecticides when second generation moths become active.  Make first application 1 wk after moth count equals or exceeds 7 moths/wk and fruit are present on the plants.  Discontinue sprays 1 wk after count drops below 21 moths/wk.  Use shorter spray intervals during peak flights and while pheromone trap catches exceed 150 moths/trap.\nPepper maggot:  Treat at 5-8 day intervals when ovipostion scars are detected or when the first fly is captured.","Weeds:  Use herbicides based on weed map results.\nAphids:  Treat when aphids are found on 50% of the plants or one winged green peach aphid is found within the field for processing or tablestock potatoes. For seed potatoes 10 % of the plants with aphids or one winged green peach aphid.\nCPB:  Refer to action threshold table in NEVMG p162.\nCutworms:  Spot spray damaged areas or edges of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down.\nFlea beetles:  Spot treat young plants along field edges when terminal laflet has an average of 15 feeding holes.\nPotato leafhopper:  Spot treat if more than 5 nymphs are found per 50 leaves.\nWireworms:  If present, broadcast insecticide and incorporate into the soil or use furrow application.  \nLate and Early blight :  Begin applications of fungicides if late blight is found in area or based on recommendations of a disease forecasting system.","Aphids:  Treat when aphids exceed 6 per leaf.\nTomato hornworm:  Spot-treat areas of the field with severe defoliation.  Use insect growth regulators, microbial prodcuts (Bt, spinosad), or other selective insecticides to preserve natural enemies and avoid secondary pest outbreaks.\nCutworms:  Treat if 1% of plants are infested with variegated cutworms. Make application after dark, thoroughly covering upper & lower foliage..\nFlea beetles:  Spot treat young plants along field edges if 50 beetles found in sweep net.\nLeaf spots: early blight & Septoria:  If planting in an area with a history of either disease, begin fungicide applicationa before disease is evident, usually when first fruit are half grown or approximately the first week in July.\n"]
[null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.",".","Be aware that broad-spectrum insecticides can cause aphid and mite outbreaks by reducing the populations of beneficial organisms.  Use a selective insecticide","Be aware that broad-spectrum insecticides can cause aphid and mite outbreaks by reducing the populations of beneficial organisms.  Use a selective insecticide","Thoroughly rinse (with clean water) bins or equipment treated with quaternary compounds before coming into contact with potatoes to be used for human consumption.\nAphids:  Use selective or systemic insecticides for CPB to conserve pollinators and natural enemies of aphids.  Good coverage of underside of leaves is needed for control.  Add a spreader-sticker.    ","."]
[null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Nematodes:  Fumigate fields in the fall.  See NEVMG, Soil Fumigation Outdoors, for recommendations.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Weeds:  Apply herbicides based on weed map results, susceptibility of weed species to herbicide, and label and Extension recommendations.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest."]
[null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)","Weeds:  Kill the weeds between the mulch prior to setting the okra plants on the plastic.  Use Roundup, flaming, or Scythe (stale seedbed technique) prior to transplanting. ","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique with Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe. \nBlister beetles:  Apply a single spot spray with a broad-spectrum insecticide.\nCutworms:  Spot spray damaged areas or edges of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down.  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.\nFlea beetles:  Apply spot treatments targeting eggplants along field edges. \nPepper maggot:  Spot spray the trap crop (only) when the first stings (egg-laying scars) occur on the peppers or adult flies are captured on traps.","Weeds:  Use Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe (stale seedbed technique) prior to transplanting. \nCutworms:  Spot spray damaged areas or edges of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down.  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.\nPepper maggot:  Spot spray perimeter trap crop of cherry peppers.","CPB:  Plant a minimum of 4-8 rows rows of potatoes treated with a systemic insecticide in a perimeter around the fields.\nCutworms:  Spot spray heavily damaged sections of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down.  For best results, apply pesticides in the evening while cutworms are feeding above ground.   ","Weeds:  May use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe.\nTomato hornworm:  Spot-treat areas of the field with severe defoliation.  \nSlugs:  Scatter baits on ground near infested plants.  Apply around perimeter, scatter around base of plant, or band down rows as appropriate."]
[null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)"]
[null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  (Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.)","Aphids:  To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop. TSSM:  Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests.  Use selective products whenever possible.  With most miticides (not bifenazate), use 2 applications, approximately 5-7 days apart, to help control immature mites that were in the egg stage during the first application.  Alternate between products after 2 applications to help prevent or delay resistence.  ","To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop. \nAvoid using insecticides from the same resistance group more than once per year.\nTSSM:  Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests.  Use selective products whenever possible.  With most miticides (not bifenazate), use 2 applications, approximately 5-7 days apart, to help control immature mites that were in the egg stage during the first application.  Alternate between products after 2 applications to help prevent or delay resistence.  \nVerticillium wilt:  Fumigate in fall with Vapam as directed on label.","To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop. Avoid using insecticides from the same resistance group more than once per year.","Rotate classes of insecticides.  Do not use same chemistry more than once per year, preferably every other year. \nUse a nicotinoid group (IRAC group 4) on only 1 generation per year.  Do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop.","Use a nicotinoid group (group 4) on only 1 generation every other year.  Do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop.\nTSSM: Avoid early-season broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests.  Alternate between products after 2 applications to help prevent or delay resistence.\nGrey mold:  Use a diversity of fungicides with different modes of action."]
[null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    ","Fusarium tuber rot:  Apply pre-storage fungicide treatment uniformly in a fine mist or fog as tubers pass over a roller table or bin loader.\nWeeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide. For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    "]
[null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration."]
[null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
[null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output or similar program.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output."]
[null,null,"."]
[null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:","."]
[null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.    "]
[null," > Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.                 "]
[null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.            "]
[null,"> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.     "]
[null,"> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state."]
[null,".Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Root & Bulb","index":7,"n_rows":54,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":54,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[36,0,45,0],[32,0,35,0],[0,0,0,2],[8,0,14,0],[15,0,19,0],[20,0,22,0],[23,0,31,0]]}
["Root & Bulb Family"]
[]
[null,"Common Root & Bulb Family:","Asparagus","Beet & Swiss Chard","Carrot & Parsnip","Garlic","Leek","Onion","Radish","Celery","Rutabaga & Turnip","Sweet Potato"]
[null,"Major Pests:","Asparagus aphids, asparagus miner, cutworms, asparagus beetle/ Japanese beetle","Aphids, leafminers, margined blister beetle (most common blister beetle), cabbage maggot, flea beetles, leafhoppers, slugs","Carrot rust fly, carrot weevil, cutworms, leafhoppers","Onion thrips","Onion thrips","Cutworms, mites, onion maggot, onion thrips","Cabbage maggot, cutworms, flea beetle","Cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, green peach aphid, leafminers, mites, tarnished plant bug","Flea beetles, leafminers, aphids, cabbage maggot","Aphids, cutworms, flea beetles, tortoise beetle, grubs, wireworms, slugs, whiteflies"]
[null,"Major Diseases:","Crown rot, rust, botrytis blight","Leaf spots, blights, downy mildew","Leaf blight (cercospora, septoria, or alternaria), Xanthomonas leaf blight, root-knot nematode, parsnip blight, aster yellows, sore head (parsnip only), root & crown rot","Damping-off (Pythium), seed rot (Rhizoctonia), downey mildew, purple blotch, white rot, Fusarium, Penicillium, Botrytis rot","Damping-off (Pythium), seed rot (Rhizoctonia), downey mildew, purple blotch, white rot, ","Botrytis leaf blight, neck rot (Botrytis), downy mildew (Peronospora), Purple Blotch (Alternaria porri, Stemphylium vesicarium)","Seed decay, Alternaria leaf spot, downy mildew, white rust, white blister","Leaf blight (Cercospora, Septoria), basal stalk rot (Rhizoctonia)","Leaf spots (Alternaria & Cercospora), black leg (Phoma leaf spot & canker), seed decay, damping off (turnip only), white rust, white blister","Rhizoctonia root rot, stem canker, black rot"]
[null,"Disorders:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Blackheart"]
[]
["Principle","Practices"," Asparagus","Beets & Swiss Chard","Carrot & Parsnip","Garlic","Leek","Onion","Radish","Celery","Rutabaga & Turnip","Sweet Potato"]
["PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)","Buy top quality crowns.\nFor starting transplants, use sterilized medium of half sand and half peat or use a pest-free commercial seed starting mix.\nEnsure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.                     ","Buy treated seeds to prevent seed decay.","Use certified, disease-free seed or treat seed with hot water or fungicides. ","Fusarium/Penicillium/white rot/Botrytis rot:  Select the largest bulbs, and plant only those that show no sign of injury or disease.\nPurchase pathogen-free seed and bulbs or treat seed with hot water or fungicides.    ","Purchase pathogen-free seed and transplants or treat seed with hot water or fungicides.    ","Use pest-free seeds and bulbs and pest-free transplants.","Alternaria leaf spot:  Buy certified disease-free seed or hot-water treat seed.","Use certified pest-free seeds where available.","Buy seed treated with hot water or fungicides and/or buy certified disease free seed.  ","Use healthy propagating stock/seed roots and inspect frequently in the production cycle."]
[null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)","Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.","Use clean cultivation.","Use stale seedbed technique employing flaming.","Use shallow cultivation to avoid damage to garlic roots.","Shallowly cultivate.","Shallowly cultivate.","Shallowly cultivate.","Shallowly cultivate.","Shallowly cultivate.","Shallowly cultivate."]
[null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)","Botrytis blight:  Reduce humidity within the plant canopy by using proper watering practices and spacing of plants.","Reduce humidity within the plant canopy by using proper watering practices and spacing of plants.","Leaf blight:  Irrigate early in the day to allow foliage to dry quickly.","Irrigate during during dry periods.  Avoid organic mulches in wet seasons as may encourage rot.\nOnion thrips:  Use overhead irigation to lower populations quickly. \nDowney mildew:  Avoid overhead irrigation.","Avoid organic mulches in wet seasons as may encourage rot. \nOnion thrips:  Use overhead irigation to lower populations quickly.\nDowney mildew:  Avoid overhead irrigation.","Irrigate early in the day to enhance rapid drying of foliage.  Irrigate regularly, especially in dry years.\nOnion thrips:  Employ overhead irrigation to quickly lower populations.","Maintain high level of soil moisture.\nDowny mildew:  For transplants, irrigate early in the day and improve air circulation.","Irrigate if planted in sandy soils. \nLeaf blight:  Irrigate early in the day to allow foliage to dry quickly.","Reduce humidity within the plant canopy by using proper watering practices and spacing of plants.","Reduce humidity within the plant canopy by using proper watering practices and spacing of plants."]
[null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)","Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields.","Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields","Root and crown rot:  Avoid cultivating late in the season.","White rot:  sanitize boots, tools, and equipment between fields.","Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields","White rot:  Sanitize boots, tools, and equipment between fields.","Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields.","Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields.","Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields.","Produce and store planting stock separate from commercial sweet potatoes.\nPost harvest diease:  Employ proper handling and curing practices at harvest.  Practice good sanitation of farm equipment, storage bins, and storage rooms."]
[null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)","Disk old ferns lightly in the fall. Remove debris around plants.  ","Plow under or remove crop residue after harvest.","Aster yellows:  Destroy residues from susceptible crops immediately after harvest.","Plow under or remove crop residue after harvest.\nWhite rot:  Destroy infected plants.","Plow under or remove crop residue after harvest. \nWhite rot:  Destroy infected plants.","Onion maggot: Remove cull piles.\nBotrytis blight:  Plow under crop residues after harvest.","Alternaria leaf spot:  Plow under crop debris in the fall.","Plow under or remove crop residue after harvest.","Promptly incorporate infected crop debris after harvest.","Plow under or remove crop residue after harvest."]
[null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.","Remove female plants.","Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops and volunteers from previous crop.","Sore head (parsley only):  Control wild Apiaceae plant hosts.","White rot:  May winter flood.  Soil solarization is not recommended for Maine.","White rot:  May winter flood.  Soil solarization is not recommended for Maine.","Downey mildew/Botrytis blight:  Remove volunteer onion plants and wild Allium species.","Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops and volunteers from previous crop.","Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops and volunteers from previous crop.","Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops and volunteers from previous crop.","Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops and volunteers from previous crop."]
[null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.8 to 7.0\nFor new beds: One year before planting deeply incorporate lime to insure proper pH at crown depth.\nApply phosphorus fertilizer to the bottom of the furrow at planting time.\nApply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\n","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5 to 6.8. \nApply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. \nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nTo prevent boron deficiency, apply 2 lb boron/A (10 lb Solubor, 20 lb borax) with the broadcast fertilizer application. Make sure that the next crop in the rotation schedule is not sensitive to boron residue. \n\n","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5 to 6.8.\nMaintain high calcium level to avoid cavity spot. \nPlow down legume sod to reduce need for sidedress nitrogen.\nIf large amounts of potassium are needed, or if soils are highly leachable, apply some of the potassium with first nitrogen sidedressing application.\nIf soil type or other factors limit potential to a lower yield, reduce fertilizer application accordingly.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.","Soil pH should be maintained in the range of 6.2-7.0.\nFollow soil test P and K recommedations for onions in NEVMG.  Without a soil test, garlic is generally fertilzed with N-P-K in a 1-2-2 ratio.  Apply about  40 lb/A of preplant nitrogen and a single N sidedressing of about 30 lb/A when tops are about 6\" high.","Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nIf magnesium level is high, a lime high in calcium (calcitic lime) should be used to maintain a high calcium level.                                                 Avoid excesive nitrogen fertilization.\nApply less nitrogen fertiilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.\nFor mild-flavored onions, maintain soil sulfur levels between 35-55 lb/A.       ","Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nIf magnesium level is high, a lime high in calcium (calcitic lime) should be used to maintain a high calcium level.\nAvoid excesive nitrogen fertilization.  Apply less nitrogen fertiilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nFor mild-flavored onions, maintain soil sulfur levels between 35-55 lb/A.                   ","Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain pH at 6.5-6.8. \nApply less nitrogen fertiilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. \nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nWhite rust / white blister:  Maintain proper fertility levels, especially of phosphorus and potassium.                         ","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.0-6.8.  \nUse a liquid starter fertilizer at transplanting, especially with cool soil conditions. Use a high phosphorus starter fertilzer mixed at a rate of 3 lb/50 gal of water. Apply 8 fluid ounces (1 cup) per transplant. Sidedress 50 lb/A of N 3-4 weeks after transplanting. On light soils, a second sidedressing may be necessary. Reduce or eliminate second sidedressing if manure was applied or a legume sod was plowed down. \nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nMagnesium deficiency:  Use dolomitic (high magnesium) limestone to partially meet plant requirements. For additional magnesium, spray plants with Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) at 8 lb/A per week until green color is restored. \nBlackheart: Maintain high calcium level. \nConduct tissue analysis to determine sufficiency of boron, manganese, and copper for future crops.","Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nApply less nitrogen fertiilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.  Application of additional fertilizer may not be needed if following other vegetables in the same season.\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nWhite rust/white blister:  Maintain proper fertility levels, especially of phosphorus and potassium.","Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain soil pH at 4.5-7.5, but 5.8-6.2 is optimal.\nDo not exceed 75 lb/A of available nitrogen.  If manure or compost is added, be careful not to add excessive fertilizer-N. \nApply nutrients according to soil tests.  Maintain high levels of phosphorus (up to 200 lb/A) and potassium (up to 300 lb/A).\nRefer to NEVMG for plant nutrient recommendations.\nBlister:  Prevent by applying boron to boron-deficient soils, 0.5 lb/A (5 lb Borax or 2.6 lb solubor).                  "]
["AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).","Use new land or land where asparagus has not been grown for 10 years.",".","Rotate with nonsusceptible/non-host crops on a 2-3 year cycle.","Thrips: Do not plant garlic near other Allium, alfalfa, cereal crops, clover, curcurbits, or brassica crops.                         Fusarium/downy mildew/white rot/Botyrtis blight/purple blotch:  Rotate with non-host crops on a 3-4 year rotation. ","Thrips: Do not plant garlic near other Allium, alfalfa, cereal crops, clover, curcurbits, or brassica crops.                         Fusarium/downy mildew/white rot/Botyrtis blight/purple blotch:  Rotate with non-host crops on a 3-4 year rotation. ","Thrips: Do not plant garlic near other Allium, alfalfa, cereal crops, clover, curcurbits, or brassica crops.                         Fusarium/downy mildew/white rot/Botyrtis blight/purple blotch:  Rotate with non-host crops on a 3-4 year rotation. ","Rotate yearly with noncruciferous crops. ","Leaf blight:  Rotate ground seedbeds. \nBasal stalk rot:  A two-year rotation is recommended. Avoid crops such as alfalfa and legume cover crops which can increase disease risk.","Rotate fields to non-susceptible/non-host crops.","Rotate crops with nonsusceptible crops."]
[null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)","Select soils that are deep and well drained, such as sandy loams or well-drained loams.  Try to avoid areas subject to late spring frosts as emerging spears are easily injured. \n","Beets:  Plant in deep, friable, well-drained sandy loams to silt loams.\nSlugs:  Avoid moist, shaded habitats. ","Plant in deep, well-drained sandy loam soils. (Deep beds achieved via raised beds, chisel plowing, rototilling.) \nSore head:  Plant parsley on raised beds in well-drained soil. \nAster yellows: Avoid fields near pastures or river banks that harbor susceptible vegetation.","Avoid planting in low wet fields.","Avoid planting in low wet fields.","Plant in medium to light loam soils with good drainage.  Select sites to enhance rapid drying of foliage.\nPlant only long-day or intermediate-day types which are recommended for New England. \nOnion thrips:  Avoid planting onions near alfalfa, clover, cucurbits or Brassica crops that can harbor large populations.","Plant in raised beds","Plant in deep, loamy, fertile, moist soil.  Avoid planting in heavy clay soils. \nGreen peach aphid:  Plant away from Prunus sp. (peach, wild cherry, etc.). \nTarnished plant bug:  DO NOT plant adjacent to alfalfa or hay field.",".","Slugs:  Grow plants away from moist, shaded habitats.  "]
[null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)","Use hybrids tolerant of Fusarium crown or root rot. See NEVMG for resistant varieties.\n(Jersey Giant seems to be more tolerant to asparagus miner than other varieties.)",".","Plant resistant or tolerant varieties where available.","Use disease-resistant or tolerant varieties.","Use disease-resistant or tolerant varieties.","Plant varieties less susceptible to Botrytis.\nPurple blotch:  Avoid planting Sweet Spanish onion.","Downy mildew / white rust / white blister:  Plant resistant or tolerant cultivars.","Plant resistant or tolerant varieties where available.",".","."]
[null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)",".",".","Carrot rust fly: Delay planting (mid-May). ",".",".",".",".","Basal stalk rot:  Avoid cultivating late in the season. Maintain storage conditions at 50ºF.","Cabbage aphids:  Avoid fall plantings.\nCabbage maggot:  Delay planting until after soil temperatures are high enough to kill eggs. ","."]
[null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]
["MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ","Asparagus aphids:  Monitor weekly throughout growing season. During September and October look for eggs on lower portion of ferns.\nAparagus miner:  Monitor weekly mid-May to late June and early August to late September.\nCutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September.\nJapanese or asparagus beetles: Scout weekly on sunny afternoons for adults and eggs.  ","Monitor weekly.\nSlugs:  Scout in daylight for shredded foliage, fruit holes, and silvery slime trails. May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations.","Cutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for stem damage. May also scout between midnight and dawn when cutworms feed.  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September.\nLeafhoppers:  Scout in late July and early August. \nNematode populations: Monitor soils. \nSore head (parsley only):  Monitor near maturity and harvest affected fields early."," If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**."," If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.","Cutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September.\nOnion thrips:  Scout plants along field margins where infestations build early.","Cutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September.\n","Imported cabbage worm:  Use bucket-type pheromone traps to monitor moth flight late July to August. \nGreen peach aphid:  Begin to examine plants in early July.for aphids and the presence of beneficial species.","Cabbage maggot:  Scout early spring when adult flies are active and late August-early September for fall crops.  Look at the base of the plant for small (1/32\"), white, bullet-shaped eggs.","Inspect weekly. \nCutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants.  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September. \nSlugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations."]
[null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)",".",".",".","Follow a fungicide spraying program based on climatic conditions.","Follow a fungicide spraying program based on climatic conditions.",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ","UMCE IPM weather forecast or similar","Use Cucurbit Downey Mildew Weather Forecaster",".","Follow a fungicide spraying program based on disease forecasts.","Follow a fungicide spraying program based on disease forecasts.","Use disease forecast system (e.g. BOTCAST, Downy Mildew Forecaster)",".",".",".","."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.",".","Beets:  Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil. ","Root and crown rot:  Avoid crops such as alfalfa and legume cover crops which can increase disease risk.","Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil.","Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil.","Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil.","Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil.","Basal stalk rot:  Avoid crops such as alfalfa and legume cover crops which can increase disease risk.","Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil.","Plant cover crops or green manure crops to suppress weeds and maintain organic content of soil."]
[null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)","Plant healthy one-year-old crowns in furrows about 6 to 8” deep. Space crowns 12” apart in rows 54” to 60” apart. ","Beets:  Seed 1/4” to 1/2” deep in rows 12-18\" apart. Thin to one plant 2” to 3” apart within the row. \nChard:  Seed 1/4” to 1/2” deep in rows 12” to 24” apart. Thin to one plant every 4” to 8”. ","Carrots:  15 plants per foot of row\nParsnips:  8-10 plants per foot of row \nCarrots & parsnips: Sow 1/2 -3/4\" deep in rows 12-18\" apart  \nLeaf blight: Use wider plant spacing and/or raised beds to improve air circulation.\nSore head (parsley only):  Protect roots by covering crowns and exposed upper roots with soil.","Space garlic cloves 4-6\" apart in the row, with rows 18-24\" apart, or in rows that accommodate cultivation equipment. \nOrient rows in same direction as prevailing winds.                            ","Place plants 3-6\" apart in rows 15-30\" apart depending on equipment. \nOrient rows in same direction as prevailing winds.           ","Avoid close planting and orient rows in the direction of prevailing winds.\nPlant 4 rows per bed, 9-18\" between rows, 3-4\" apart within rows. For direct seeding, aim for a stand of 6-9 plants/ft.  Can increase to 9-12 plants/ft if double shoe precision seeders are used.","Seed radish 1/4-1/2\" deep, spaced at 3/4-1\" apart within the row (to obtain 12-15 plants /ft of row).  Space rows 8-15\" apart.  If using raised beds, plant in 4 ft wide bed with 6 rows/bed.","Space plants 6-12\" apart with 18-36\" between rows. \nLeaf blight:  Use wider plant spacing and/or raised beds to improve air circulation.","Rutabaga:  Seed 4-8\" within rows and 30\" between rows 1/2\" deep. \nTurnip:  Seed 2-3\" within rows and 14-18\" between rows 1/2\" deep.","Plant 8-12\" apart within rows and 32-42\" between rows, depending on cultivars.  Plant slips at a depth of 3\" with no less than 2 plant nodes in the ground and leaving 2 leaves or more above the ground."]
[null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.",".","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information."]
[null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.",".",".",".",".",".",".",null,"Green peach aphid:  Use reflective plastic mulch."]
[null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",".","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds."]
[null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Mow and shallowly disc (no deeper than 2-3\") brush in early sping before spear emergence. \nControl weeds during the first season by slowly filling in trenches during the season.\nTime cultivations with flushes of weeds. \nCan disc beds after harvest prior to herbicide application.                                               ","Use clean cultivation. Control weeds. \nSlugs: Hand pick/crush  ","Cultivate, mow, hoe, and/or hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.","Use shallow cultivation to avoid damage to garlic roots.","Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Slugs:  Hand pick/crush."]
[null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)",".",".",".",".",".",".","Disc old ferns lightly ",".",".","."]
[null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)",".","Cabbage maggot:  Manage using spunbonded row covers. ",".",".",".","Onion maggot fly:  Apply row covers over young transplants.","Cabbage maggot:  Manage using spunbonded row covers.\nFlea beetle: manage using floating row covers.",".","Flea beetles/leafminers/ cabbage maggot:  Use spunbonded row covers in spring crops.  Do not place over crops with aphids.","Sweet Potato 23"]
[null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field."]
["SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)","Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on pollinators and natural enemies of aphids: lady beetles, lacewings, predatory midges, flower fly larvae, the Braconid wasp, Diaeretiella rapea, and parasitic fungi.  \nUse floral perimeter crop to attract and support these insects.","Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on pollinators and natural enemies of aphids: lady beetles, lacewings, predatory midges, flower fly larvae, the Braconid wasp, Diaeretiella rapea, and parasitic fungi.  ",".","Onion thrips:  Preserve natural enemies (lacewing larvae, pirate bugs, and predatory thrips) and pollinators.","Onion thrips:  Preserve natural enemies (lacewing larvae, pirate bugs, and predatory thrips) and pollinators.","Onion thrips:  Preserve natural enemies (lacewing larvae, pirate bugs, and predatory thrips) and pollinators.",".","Green peach aphid:  Preserve natural enemies (lady beetles, lacewings, spiders, syrphid fly larvae, wasps, and beneficial fungi) and pollinators by using selective/microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible.  Avoid early-season broad-spectrum sprays.","Aphids:  Use selective materials or microbial products to spare pollinators and natural enemies that help control aphids.","."]
[null,"Release beneficial organisms where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]
[null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Beets: Maintain high organic content in soil with composted manure. Organic matter should be well decomposed to avoid scab problems with beets. ","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting.","Incorporate compost before planting."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)","Weed-control:  Base on previous year's weed map, and/or pest scouting records. \nAphids:  Treat ferns twice, about 10 days apart, with a systemic insecticide.  \nAsparagus/Japanese beetles: Treat spears if greater than 10% of the plants are infested with beetles or 1-2% have eggs or damage. Treat ferns if 50-75% are infested.","Cabbage maggot:  No insecticides currently registered. \nLeafminers:  Treat when eggs or first tiny mines are noticed. Repeat in 7-10 days.  Critical periods - mid-May, late June, mid-August.","Cutworms:  Use synthetic pyrethroids during cool spring weather for best results. \nLeafhoppers:  Scout in late July and early August before treating. Make applications at 7-10 day intervals. \nLeaf blight:  Apply fungicides based on a disease forecasting system.","Begin application of pesticides when damage is first noticed. Repeat applications at 7-10 day intervals.  Use a shorter interval in hot, dry weather.  Apply in the early evening. \nTreat seed and soil with fungicides. \nWhite rot:  Spot treat the soil around infected plants with fumigants.","Begin application of pesticides when damage is first noticed. Repeat applications at 7-10 day intervals.  Use a shorter interval in hot, dry weather.  Apply in the early evening.                                                                  Treat seed and soil with fungicides.                                                                                White rot:  Spot treat the soil around infected plants with fumigants.","Onion thrips:  Begin applications when damage is first noticed or when there are three or more thrips per leaf.  Repeat applications at 7-10 day intervals. Use shorter interval in hot weather. \nDiseases:  Apply fungicides based on a disease forecast system and when disease is present.\nPurple blotch:  Apply fungicides as canopy becomes more dense and leaf-wetness periods increase.",".","Leaf blight:  Apply fungicides based on a disease forecasting system.\nCabbage looper/imported cabbage worm:  Treat young plants only if weather conditions delay plant development and at least 35% of them are infested. \nGreen peach aphid:  Spray only when aphids are increasing and building up to high numbers.   ","Aphids:  Treat if greater than 10% of plants are infested. \nCabbage maggot:  Apply a soil drench 2-3 days after finding an average of 1 egg/plant. ","."]
[null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.","Asparagus/Japanese beetles:  Use selective inseticides on ferns.\nSelect appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Onion thrips:  Use a spreader-sticker.","Onion thrips:  Use a spreader-sticker.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Select appropriate biological and other low-risk pesticides that are registered for use in Maine and recommended for the crop per New England Extension recommendations.","Green peach aphid:  Add a spreader-sticker.",".","."]
[null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.",".",".",".",".","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest."]
[null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)","Asparagus beetle/ Japanese beetle:  Spot spray along edges of planting where overwintering adults colonize the field and/or band insecticide over the row to help spare natural enemies.","Slugs:  Scatter baits on the ground near infested plants.","Carrots only: Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe.\nLimit applications of pesticides to in-furrow or banding where applicable. \nCutworms:  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.","Weeds: Use stale seedbed technique if utilizing Roundup 4S or Scythe.","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup or Scythe.                                        ","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup or Gramoxone. \nCutworms:  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground. \nOnion maggot:  Purchase treated seed.","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Roundup or Scythe. \nCutworms:  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.\nSeed decay:  Purchase treated seed.","Weeds: Use stale seedbed technique if utilizing Roundup 4S.                                    ","Weeds:  Use stale seedbed technique utilizing Gramoxone Inteon 2S or Scythe. \nPesticides:  When appropriate, using banding to pre-plant incorporate or soil spray and mechanically incorporate or irrigate.                            ","Cutworms:  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground. \nSlugs:  Scatter baits on ground near infested plants.  When appropriate, apply pesticides around perimeter, around base of plants, or band down rows. "]
[null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)"]
[null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  (Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.)","Use pesticide-resistance management strategies where required acording to label instructions.","Use pesticide-resistance management strategies where required acording to label instructions.","Use pesticide-resistance management strategies where required acording to label instructions.","Do not use same funigicide throughout growing season.                             May use soil fumigation procedure.","Do not use same funigicide throughout growing season.                                 May use soil fumigation procedure.","Onion thrips:  Rotate among insecticide groups after two applications to help prevent resistance.","Use pesticide-resistance management strategies where required acording to label instructions.","Use pesticide-resistance management strategies where required acording to label instructions.","When applying foliar fungicides, avoid multiple applications of same fungicide.  Alternate fungicides with different modes of action.","To avoid resistence, do not use multiple nicotinoids on the same crop.  Rotate fungicides with different modes of action."]
[null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.   ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.   \nBlister beetles: Control with a single spot spray using a broad-spectrum insecticide registered for flea beetles on these crops.","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.   ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.   ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.   ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.   \nOnion thrips: Use spreader-sticker for better coverage. Apply in early evening using high pressure and 100 gal water/A.","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.  ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \nCabbage looper/imported cabbage worm:  Use drop nozzles for better coverage of lower leaf surfaces.","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \nCabbage maggot:  Use drop nozzles directed to base of plant.  Use at least 100 gal water/A. ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    "]
[null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration."]
[null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
[null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output."]
[]
[null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:"]
[null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.    "]
[null," > Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.                 "]
[null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.            "]
[null,"> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.     "]
[null,"> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state."]
[null,"Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Legume","index":8,"n_rows":54,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":54,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[23,0,31,0],[32,0,35,0],[36,0,45,0],[0,0,0,1],[8,0,14,0],[15,0,19,0],[20,0,22,0]]}
["Legume"]
[]
[null,"Common Roots and Bulbs","Snap, Dry, & Lima Beans","Pea"]
[null,"Major Pests","Aphids, cutworms, European corn borer (ECB), corn earworm (CEW), cabbage looper (CL), garden springtail, leafhoppers, Mexican bean beetle, seedcorn maggot, two-spotted spider mite, slugs ","Corn earworm (CEW), fall armyworm, cutworms, pea aphid, seed maggots"]
[null,"Major Diseases","Anthracnose, downey mildew, bacterial blights, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), rust, seed decay, white mold","Damping-off, seed decay, root rot, stem canker"]
[null,"Disorders"]
[]
["Principle","Practices","Examples: Snap, Dry, & Lima","Examples: Pea"]
["PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)","Purchase certified, disease-free, and treated seed where available.  ","Use treated seed."]
[null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)",".","."]
[null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)","Irrigate, if needed, at time of bloom to ensure maximum pod set under dry soil conditions.","."]
[null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)","Do not cultivate or harvest when plants are wet. \nRemove diseased plant material.","."]
[null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)","Mexican Bean Beetles:  Destroy crop residue after harvest to lower overwintering populations. \nSeedcorn maggot:  Incorporate manue and decaying organic matter to prevent attracting flies.\nBacterial blights:  Plow under stubble in fall.                         \n\n","."]
[null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.",".","Pea aphid:  Harvest or spray nearby alfalfa, vetch, or clover before winged adults are formed in the spring."]
[null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nApply no more than 80 to 100 lb/A combined weight of nitrogen and potash through the planter.  A sidedressing of 30 lb nitrogen/A at prebloom may extend harvest period and increase yields, especially on sandy soils.  Maching harvested beans beans are unlikely to need sidedressing.  Apply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down. Refer to NEVMG for nutrient recommendations. \nRust:  Avoid overfertilization with high levels of nitrogen.  ","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8. \nRefer to NEVMG for nutrient recommendations.  May inoculate seed at planting time with the appropriate species of Rhizobium bacterium.  May sidedress with an additional 25 lb of nitrogen if Rhizobium is not present, or leaching has occurred, or if early peas are desired.  \nApply less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.                  "]
["AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).","Rotate every 2-3 years.  Avoid planting beans (especially early beans) where corn was grown the previous year, or late beans near corn where ECB may emerge.\nAfter an episode of white mold, rotate away from susceptible crops (lettuce, cabbage, tomato, carrot, brassicas, and snap beans) for seven years. ","Use 3-4 year rotation."]
[null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)","Plant in well-drained soil to reduce risk of disease. \nGreen peach aphid:  Plant away from Prunus sp. (peach, wild cherry, etc.).\nSlugs:  Grow plants away from moist, shaded habitats. \nBean yellow mosaic virus: Plant at least 800’ away from virus-source plants such as sweet clover, white clover, crimson clover and Gladiolus sp. \nMexican bean beetle:  Avoid planting near hedgerows where beetles overwinter.  \nSeedcorn maggot:  Plant shallow to promote rapid germination and early emergence.","Plant in well-drained sandy soils for early plantings and in finer-textured soils with high moisture-holding capacities for late spring crops. \nPea aphid:  Avoid planting near alfalfa, vetch, and clover."]
[null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)","Use disease resistent varieties when available.","Plant resistent varieties."]
[null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)",".","."]
[null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.",".","."]
["MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ","Aphids:  Scout on undersides of leaves or terminal shoots. \nCutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September. \nECB:  Scout for eggs on underside of leaves or borer holes in stems.  Field scouting is difficult in beans.\nCL:  Scout mid- to late-season. \nGarden spring tails:  Scout for tiny pits in the leaf surfaces.  Feeding resembles that of flea beetles.\nPotato leafhoppers:  Scout for yellowing and dying leaf tips. Plants may be stunted.  \nMexican bean beetle:  Look for leaves with a lace-like pattern, especially in August.  Slugs:  Look for slivery slime trails on leaves or turn over soil clods or debris to find slugs during daylight hours.  May use shallow pans of beer or unbaited pitfall traps for monitoring populations.\n ","Cutworm caterpillars:  Scout weekly checking at least 100 plants for crooks (misshaped spears).  Black cutworms:  Monitor adults with a yellow and white Unitrap March through May.  Monitor during June if catch over 40 moths.  Variegated cutworms:  Monitor adults with blacklight trap or yellow and white Unitrap from July to September. \nPea aphid:  Begin monitoring when plants begin to flower."]
[null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)",".","."]
[null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ","Use Cucurbit Downey Mildew Weather Forecaster","."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.",".","."]
[null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)","Space plants to allow good air circulation.   Snap beans:  Space plants 1 1/2-2” apart within rows and 18-36” between rows. Use higher plant population under a more favorable environment.  For optimum growth, allow about 36 sq in per plant.\nPole Beans:  Plant seeds 6” apart in rows 4’ apart for trellis or fence method.  Plant 6-7 seeds around each pole for the tepee method.\nLima Beans:  Space plants 2-4” apart within rows and 18-36” between rows.\nDry Beans:  Space plants 2-3” apart within rows and 28-36” between rows.                               ","For fresh market, plant seeds 1 1/2-2\" apart and 24-36\" between rows, rate of 90-150 lb/A or 2 lb/200 ft in 24-36\" rows.\nFor processing peas, seed 200-250 lb/A at 1\" between plants and 7\" between rows.\nSugar snap peas:  Use at least a 6' high trellis.  A double row can be planted for more efficent use of netting."]
[null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.","Garden springtails:  Avoid using reduced-till systems and planting in fields high in organic matter and soils that crack when drying.\nStrip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information."]
[null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.",".","."]
[null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.",".","."]
[null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","Slugs:  Hand pick/crush.","."]
[null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)","Two-spotted spider mite:  Use ovehead irrigation to reduce populations.","."]
[null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)",".","."]
[null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)",".","."]
["SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ",".","."]
[null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)","Aphids:  Preserve natural enemies (lady beetles, lacewings, spiders, syrphid fly larvae, wasps, and beneficial fungi) and pollinators by using selective/microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible.  Avoid early-season broad-spectrum sprays.","Pea aphids:  Preserve natural enemies (lady beetles, lacewings, spiders, flower fly larvae, predatory midges, Braconid wasps, and beneficial fungi) and pollinators by using selective/microbial pesticides for other pests whenever possible.  "]
[null,"Release beneficial organisms where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)","Mexican bean beetle:  Annually release the Eulophid wasp, Pediobius faveolatus, timed to coincide with egg hatch of Mexican Bean Beetle to help control beetle larvae. \nTwo-spotted spider mite:  May use preventive releases of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to suppress populations.","."]
[null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.","Incorporate compost before planting.  This is not applicable where seed corn maggot has been a problem.","Incorporate compost before planting.  This is not applicable where seed corn maggot has been a problem."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)","Aphids:  Treat only if aphids are well distributed throughout the field (50% or more of terminals with 5 or more aphids), natural enemies are lacking, and population is increasing. \nTwo-spotted spider mite:   Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests. Use selective products whenever possible. None of the registered products for mites on beans provide complete control of the pest.\nEuropean corn borer:   Make applications at the pre-bud or early bloom stage for snap bean if small larvae are found boring into stems. \nCL:  Treat young plants only if weather conditions delay plant development and at least 35% of them are infested.  Treat plants between the start of heading and harvest if 20% or more of the plants are infested. \nPotato leafhoppers:  Treat newly emerged beans if they have 2 adults per foot of row.  Apply insecticide when leafhoppers exceed one nymph/leaflet or 5 adults per foot of row during prebloom and repeat application in 7 to 10 days, if necessary.  Be sure to treat lower leaf surfaces. \nMexican bean beetle:  Treat when defoliation exceeds 20% in prebloom or 10% during podding and repeat in 7-10 days, if necessary. \nSlugs:  Scatter baits on ground near infested plants.  When appropriate, apply pesticides around perimeter, around base of plants, or band down rows.  \nDisease:  Apply seed treatments to protect germinating seedlings against soil-borne inoculum especially for downy mildew. ","Pea aphid:  Apply a single systemic insecticide when 1-2 aphids per leaf, 2-3 aphids per stem tip, or 9-13 per sweep if a sweep net is used."]
[null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.",".","."]
[null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest."]
[null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)","Weeds: Refer to NEVMG for recommendations.  May use stale seedbed technique using Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe.\nCutworms:  Spot spray heavily damaged sections of the field.  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground.   \nGarden springtails:  Spot-treat areas where damage occurs.","Weeds:  Refer to NEVMG p147 for recommendations.  May use stale seedbed technique using Roundup, Gramoxone, or Scythe.                  Cutworms:  Spot spray heavily damaged sections of the field.  For best results, apply pesticides between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding above ground. "]
[null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)"]
[null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  (Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.)","Alternate fungicides.\nTwo-spotted spider mite:  Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests.  Use selective products whenever possible.  With most miticides (not bifenazate), use 2 applications, approximately 5-7 days apart, to help control immature mites that were in the egg stage during the first application.  Alternate between products after 2 applications to help prevent or delay resistence.  ","."]
[null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    ","Weeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    "]
[null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration.","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration."]
[null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
[null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output."]
[]
[null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:"]
[null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.    "]
[null," > Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.                 "]
[null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.            "]
[null,"> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.     "]
[null,"> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state."]
[null,"Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Maize","index":9,"n_rows":54,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":54,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[36,0,45,0],[32,0,35,0],[20,0,22,0],[8,0,14,0],[15,0,19,0],[23,0,31,0]]}
["Maize"]
[]
[null,"Common Roots and Bulbs","Sweet Corn"]
[null,"Major Pests","European corn borer (ECB), common and fall armyworm, corn earworm (CEW), corn flea beetles, corn leaf aphid (CLA), cutworms, seedcorn maggot, wireworms, two-spotted spider mite, Japanese beetle, common stalk borer, sap and picnic beetles, white grub"]
[null,"Major Diseases","Rust, maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), seed decay, Stewart's wilt (Pantoae [Erwinia] stewartii), common smut"]
[null,"Disorders"]
[]
["Principle","Practices","Sweet Corn"]
["PREVENTION","Use certified pest-free seeds and pest-free transplants where available. (Example:  Purchase certified seed and ensure plants are free of insects, diseases, and weeds before transplanting.)","Sap or picinic beetles:  Select varieties that have good tip cover. \nSeed decay:  Buy treated seed."]
[null,"Prevent weeds from going to seed. (Example: Cultivate, pull, mow, flame, etc.)","Cultivate, flame, or use pre- and/or post-emergent herbicides until crop canopy closure."]
[null,"Reduce moisture on plant surfaces to prevent disease incidence.  (Example:  Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between 6 p.m. and midnight to minimize disease.)","Use drip irrigation or avoid overhead irrigation between dusk and midnight to minimize disease.  \n\n "]
[null,"Employ methods to avoid spreading pests (pathogens, weeds, and insects). (Example: Work crop when dry, work infested fields last, wash equipment between fields, etc.)","Don't cutivate or harvest when foliage is wet. Work infested fields last.  Wash equipment between fields to remove soil residue."]
[null,"Destroy and/or remove crop residues for field sanitation procedures. Include fall tillage where appropriate to control weeds and break pest cycles. (Example: Plow under corn refuse in the fall to control European corn borer.)","Disease/Sap and picnic beetles: Remove or turn under decomposing plant material on a regular basis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ECB:  Plow under corn refuse in the fall or early spring.  Plant cover crop if time allows.\nCutworms:  Use fall plowing when corn follows sod/hay in rotation. Plant cover crop if time allows.\n\n\n"]
[null,"Eliminate unmanaged plants that serve as pest reservoirs, such as abandoned crops, volunteers from previous crop, or weed hosts of viruses.","Common stalk borer:  Eliminate grassy weeds along field borders in August by mowing or applying herbicides. \nECB/CLA:  Eliminate overwintering areas, e.g. weedy or grassy areas, cereals, particularly barley.\nMDMV:  Eradicate Johnson grass. "]
[null,"Test soil or plant tissue annually to determine proper fertility and pH levels for crop and time application according to crop needs. Apply nutrients, fertilizers, and pH-adjusting agents according to recommendations.","Apply lime according to soil test to maintain soil pH between 6.5 to 6.8\nPlow under corn stalks and cover crops to maintain high high levels of organic matter in the soil.\nApply no more than 80 to 100 pounds per acre combined weight of actual nitrogen and potash applied 2” on the side and 2” below the seed as a band.  Use less nitrogen fertilizer if manure or legume sod was plowed down.  \nTest soil and apply nutrients according to recommendations.  See NEVMG for recommendations."]
["AVOIDANCE","Rotate crops that break the pest cycle. Do not plant crops from the same family at less than recommended intervals for the identified pest(s).","Do not plant sweet corn in the same acreage each year.  If necessary to plant sweet corn on the same acreage, ideally utilize acreage where 50% or more was not planted to sweet corn the previous year. Plow down to incorporate plant residue between crops.\nWireworm/white grubs:  Do not grow corn in rotation with sod or grass crops. Delay planting on such land for at least two years after the sod has been broken. Summer fallow is recommended for at least one season. "]
[null,"Match crops to appropriate sites to optimize plant health and avoid known pests. (Example: Avoid planting crops susceptible to fungal diseases in low wet fields.)","Plant early corn on light, well-drained soil in a warm, sheltered location.  Heavier soils are best for the main crop.    \nGreen peach aphid (vectors MDMV):  Plant away from peach trees (overwintering host). "]
[null,"Choose pest-resistant cultivars. (Example: Plant virus and powdery mildew resistant vine crops.)","ECB/fall armyworm/CEW:  Where allowed, consider using genetically modified Bt varieties using appropriate buffers and refugia. \nAphids:  Use varieties with purple or green tassels which seem to be less susceptible. \nSap/picinic beetles:  Select varieties that have good tip cover.\nCorn flea beetles:  Plant varieties tolerant to Stewart's Wilt.\nMDMV:  Plant resistant or tolerant corn varieties.  \nRust:  Plant rust-resistant varieties. \nStewart's wilt:  Grow resistant varieties. Information on cultivar susceptibility is available online at http://www.sweetcorn.uiuc.edu/stewarts."]
[null,"Adjust planting dates and select cultivars with maturity dates that allow avoidance of early or late-season pests. (Example: Plant cucurbits after early season striped cucumber beetle activity, delay planting of brassica crops to avoid cabbage maggots.)","Avoid planting while soil temperature is lower than 55°F. If soil temperature is below 60°F, it is advisable to plant treated seed. If planting untreated seed, wait until the soil temperature is at least 65°F.\nRust:  Plant early maturing and rust-resistant varieties. \nCorn leaf aphid:  Seed corn before June 10.\n"]
[null,"Use and manage trap crops to protect main crop from insect pests and insect-vectored diseases.","."]
["MONITORING","Monitor for pests as recommended for each crop. If no monitoring guidelines available, monitor weekly to determine presence, density, and locations of pests and to determine crop growth stage. **Record findings. Record keeping is required**.  (Example:  Scout crops and use other appropriate monitoring aids such as pheromone traps, disease diagnostic tests, etc.  Map weeds in the fall to help plan where specific measures may be needed to target problem weeds the following spring.  Utilize University of Maine Cooperative Extension pest monitoring data from newsletters and websites.) ","ECB:  Monitor flight with baited net traps placed in weedy borders of corn fields.  Check traps once or twice per week.  Once flight is detected, scout weekly corn with newly emerging tassels for the presence of ECB larvae.  (Refer to NEVMG or reference # 14 for details.) \nFall armyworm larvae:  Scout whorl stage and pre-tassel corn for damage.  \nFall armyworm moths:  Monitor whorl stage corn with pheromone bucket traps. Count moths at least weekly.  (Refer to NEVMG for details.) \nCEW:  Monitor with pheromone traps.  Place traps in blocks with fresh silk and count moths twice weekly to monitor average nightly catch.  (Refer to NEVMG for details.) \nCutworms:  If cutworms have been a pest problem in other years, monitor adults with a pheromone bucket trap from March through May.  A catch of over 40 moths before June indicates that frequent spring and early summer scouting is prudent. Scout problem fields weekly early in season especially near field margins.  (Refer to NEVMG for details.) \nCorn leaf aphid:  Monitor while scouting pre-tassel stage corn for ECB or FAW in late July or August.\nFlea beetles:  Scout frequently if Stewart's wilt has been an historical problem.","\n"]
[null,"Use on-farm weather monitoring devices to measure precipitation, humidity, temperature, and leaf wetness and/or use commercial weather prediction service for prevention and control of plant diseases. (Example: Install weather station with rain gauge, hygrometer, maximum and minimum temperature recording equipment, leaf wetness sensors.)","Utilize commercial satellite weather prediction and recording service, such as 'Skybit' or University of Maine Cooperative Extension weather forecast at pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/forecast.html."]
[null,"Use pest-forecasting tools (e.g., computer modeling software) as additional guides for on-farm pest monitoring activities in conjunction with weather data to predict risk of pest infestation. ","Utilize Pestwatch for corn and/or University of Maine Cooperative Extension Sweet Corn IPM Newsletter (see reference # 43) which provides weekly pest monitoring data for Maine. "]
["SUPPRESSION\nCULTURAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROLS","Use cover crops, especially pest-suppressing crops (allelopathic), in the rotation cycle to reduce weeds and disease incidence and to improve soil quality.","Overseed with cover crop just prior to crop canopy closure or seed winter rye after crop plowdown."]
[null,"Plant using appropriate within- and between-row spacing optimal for crop, site, and row orientation.  (Example:  Use row spacing and plant densities that assure rapid canopy closure.)","Plant early varieties 8-10” within rows and 30-36” between rows.  Plant main season varieties 10-12” within rows and 36” between rows.  Match seed size to seed plate.  Follow seed company recommendations for spacing on specific varieties."]
[null,"Use reduced tillage and other residue management practices to suppress weeds and maintain soil organic matter as appropriate for crop.","Strip or zone tillage may be suitable for mid- to late-season varieties. Contact Maine Cooperative Extension for information."]
[null,"Use mulches including plastic or reflective mulches for insect or weed control.","Plastic mulches generally not used for pest management in sweet corn, however they can be used to enhance growth of early varieties (see NEVMG for details).  "]
[null,"Inter-seed cover crop within or between rows to suppress weeds.","Overseed with cover crop just prior to crop canopy closure or seed winter rye after crop plowdown."]
[null,"Use mechanical pest controls. (Examples: Cultivate, mow, hoe, and hand remove insects and weeds, prune diseased or insect-infested plants, remove diseased plants.)","ECB:  Plow under corn refuse in the fall or early spring.  \nCutworms:   When corn follows sod/hay in rotation, use fall plowing to reduce spring egg-laying sites."]
[null,"Use physical pest controls and deterrents.  (Example:  Use flame weeding or other heat methods for insect, disease, and weed control; noise-makers; reflectors; ribbons; and predator models.)","Corn leaf aphid:  Overhead irrigate, if needed, during the silk stage to reduce or eliminate aphid damage, however this may increase incidence of rust."]
[null,"Use exclusion devices for insects or wildlife. (Examples: Use synthetic row covers and/or fencing.)","ECB:  Use row covers to protect whorl-stage early corn from ECB egg-laying.\nCorn flea beetles:  Use row covers."]
[null,"Maintain or improve soil aeration and drainage to avoid standing water and minimize plant disease. (Example: Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, raised beds, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field.)","Use tile drainage, sub soiling, grassed waterways, and organic matter additions. Avoid planting in low and wet spots in field."]
["SUPPRESSION\nBIOLOGICAL CONTROLS","Use insect mating disruption devices, if available. (Example: Use pheromone laminate clip-ons or rings for tomato pinworm.)  ","."]
[null,"Conserve naturally occurring biological controls. (Example: Select pesticides and time applications to minimize impact on beneficials, use floral perimeter crop to attract and support beneficial insects.)","Avoid broad-spectrum insecticide applications to protect natural enemies which include the seven- and twelve-spotted ladybeetles which prey on eggs, small larvae, and aphids.  "]
[null,"Release beneficial organisms where appropriate. (Example: release predatory mites for control of two-spotted mites and thrips.)","Release Trichogramma ostriniae, which attacks ECB eggs, to reduce the need for insecticide applications.  See NEVMG Biological controls or reference #14 for more information.  "]
[null,"Use compost as a soil amendment to increase biological diversity in soil and plant health and suppress plant disease.","Incorporate compost before planting."]
["SUPPRESSION\nCHEMICAL CONTROLS","Minimize chemical use. Use in conjunction with accurate pest identification and monitoring, action thresholds, alternative suppression tactics (biological, cultural, etc), and judgments based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting records.  (Example:  Use pheromone traps to monitor for corn earworm in sweet corn.)","Follow pest monitoring guidelines and spray thresholds in NEVMG to minimize pesticide applications.  ECB:  Apply controls during whorl and pretassel stage if more than 15% of the plants have one or more larvae present. If trap captures exceed 5 moths/trap/week, spray silking corn.  \nFAW:  Apply controls during whorl and pretassel stage if more than 15% of the plants have one or more larvae present. If trap captures exceed 3 moths/trap/week, spray silking corn. \nCEW:  Monitor moths with pheromone traps.  Time sprays according to action thresholds (see NEVMG for table). \nCorn leaf aphid:  Treat when 50% of plants are infested.  \nWeeds:  Include weed-control decisions based on previous year's weed map and/or pest scouting.  \nConsider waiting until first planting of sweet corn is 3” to 5” high to apply herbicide. At this time, all fields of sweet corn planted to date can be treated. After that, each field should be sprayed soon after it is planted since soils will be warmer and grasses are more likely to emerge soon after seeding the crop. \n\n\n\n"]
[null,"Select pesticides, formulations, and adjuvants based on least negative effects on environment, beneficials (e.g., pollinators, predators, parasites), and human health in addition to efficacy and economics.","Conserve predators and parasites by using selective insecticides, such as Bt and spinosad, to control caterpillars before silking."]
[null,"Use lowest labeled rate that is effective based on label, scouting results, and Extension-recommended action thresholds for target pest.","Only 1 lb active ingredient of atrazine is recommended for sweet corn in New England. This is well below the rate on the label and constitutes best management practices for groundwater protection. This rate could be reduced further, although the grower should be prepared to make a second application of atrazine if any weeds escape. \nRates for Dual and Lasso should be selected based on soil type. Follow the label to determine the correct rate. Reducing the rate of Dual or Lasso is dangerous since it is very difficult to control grasses in sweet corn once they emerge.\nCEW:  Maintain insecticide coverage of the silks. Directed sprays to the ear zone provide the best coverage. Repeat applications to silk every three to six days depending on trap captures according to the chart in NEVMG or UM Extension. If maximum daily temperature is below 85° F for 2-3 days, spray intervals may be extended by one day. Continue treatments until five to seven days before final harvest or until silk is completely dry and brown.\n\n\n"]
[null,"Limit applications to partial fields or banding to reduce quantity or impact of pesticide. (Example: Spot treat where pests are found or use banding, seed, edge or field perimeter/border treatments.)","Cutworms:  Spot spray areas heavily hit or edges of the field if 5% of the plants have been cut down.  For best results, make application between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding aboveground.  Foliar-applied rescue treatments are recommended over preventative soil-applied insecticides. \nWeeds: Use field history or weed maps to determine if spot treatments can be used."]
[null,"Calibrate sprayers or applicators prior to use to verify amount of material applied.","Calibrate sprayer at beginning of season and check regularly during season.  Recalibrate after any nozzle change. (See reference # 8.)"]
[null,"Use pesticide-resistance management strategies as appropriate and where required on pesticide label.  (Example:  Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance or leave part of crop unsprayed to serve as a refuge for susceptible pests and natural enemies.)","Alternate applications of chemicals with different modes of action to avoid development of pest resistance.  For genetically modified Bt corn, follow recommendations for refugia.  \nAvoid broad-spectrum insecticides if possible to minimize resistance. "]
[null,"Use specialized pesticide application equipment to increase efficiency and reduce chemical drift. (Examples:  Use wiper applicators, digitally controlled adjustable tool bars, direct injection sprayers, double-drop sprayers, laser guided precision sprayers, direct injection, low-drift nozzles, shielded applicators or air induction booms, built-in tank washers, etc.)","Use a boom-type sprayer with drop nozzles for best coverage of silks or ears. Arrange nozzles to sandwich the ear between the spray paths.  TX-10 or D2-25 hollow-cone nozzles at 75 to 100 psi provide excellent coverage. Do not use flat-fan nozzles or nozzles that produce large droplets.  \nECB:  Use a sprayer configuration with one nozzle directed into the tassel and a single drop nozzle to the upper parts of the plant for the best control.\nWeeds:  Use a directed/shielded spray when using any non-selective herbicide, such as Scythe.  For hand-held equipment spray to completely wet all weed foliage, but not to the point of runoff.    \n"]
[null,"Use spray-monitoring equipment. (Example:  Use water-sensitive cards to measure spray pattern and drift.)","May use water-sensitive cards to monitor spray pattern and drift during calibration."]
[null,"Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops.","Use vegetative buffers, set-backs, or filter strips to minimize chemical movement to sensitive areas such as surface waters, schools, residences, and neighboring crops."]
[null,"Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output.","Use mitigation practices as necessary in accordance with pest monitoring results, pest predictions, action thresholds, and WinPST output."]
[]
[null,"NOTE:  Additional pesticide use requirements from the 595 Practice Standard:"]
[null,"> Always follow all pesticide label instructions and environmental cautions.    "]
[null," > Store, handle, transport, mix, use, and dispose of pesticides and pesticide containers per Maine Board of Pesticides Control recommendations and regulations.                 "]
[null,"> Follow state and federal worker protection standards.            "]
[null,"> When drawing water for pesticide mixing from any surface waters of the state, use anti-siphoning devices and do not use hoses that have been in contact with pesticides.     "]
[null,"> Do not mix or load pesticides within 50 ft from the high water mark of any surface waters of the state."]
[null,"Pesticide applicator must be properly licensed and certified when using restricted use pesticides or when doing custom pesticide applications for hire.  Contact Maine Board of Pesticides Control for license and certification requirements."]

{"sheet":"Lists","index":10,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":21,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[51,5,54,5],[55,5,66,5],[27,5,33,5],[34,5,38,5],[39,5,41,5],[42,5,50,5]]}
[]
[null,"Plant Families","Column1",null,"Maize"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Legume",null,"Root & Bulb"]
[null,"Cucurbits","Cucurbits"]
[null,"Crucifers, Greens, & Herbs","Crucifers",null,"Sweet Corn",null,"Bean, Snap, Dry, & Lima",null,"Beet & Swiss Chard"]
[null,"Solanaceae","Solanaceae",null,"General",null,"Pea",null,"Asparagus"]
[null,"Root & Bulb","Root",null,null,null,"General",null,"Carrot & Parsnip"]
[null,"Legume","Legume",null,null,null,null,null,"Garlic"]
[null,"Maize","Maize",null,null,null,null,null,"Leek"]
[null,"General","General",null,null,null,null,null,"Onion"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Radish"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Celery"]
[null,"Cucurbits",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Rutabaga & Turnip"]
[null,null,null,null,"Crucifers",null,"Solanaceae",null,"Sweet Potato"]
[null,"Cucumber, Muskmellon, & Watermelon",null,null,null,null,null,null,"General"]
[null,"Pumpkin, Squash, & Gourds",null,null,"Cabbage, Brocolli, Cauliflower",null,"Okra"]
[null,"General",null,null,"Brussel Sprouts, Chinese Cabbage, Collards, Kohrab, Mustard, Kale",null,"Eggplant"]
[null,null,null,null,"Lettuce, Endive, & Escarole",null,"Pepper"]
[null,null,null,null,"Mesclun",null,"Potato"]
[null,null,null,null,"Spinach",null,"Tomato"]
[null,"Vegetables",null,null,"General",null,"General"]

{"sheet":"References","index":11,"n_rows":143,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":143,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Maine IPM Practices for Vegetable Production"]
["Resource List"]
[]
["IPM Guidelines and Elements "]
[]
["1.   Howell, J.C., A.R. Bonanno, T.J. Boucher, R.L. Wick, R. Hazzard, & B. Dicklow.  New England Vegetable Management Guide 2008-2009.  [Hard copies available from UMCE Highmoor Farm: 207-933-2100 or University of Massachusetts Outreach Bookstore: 413-545-2717]"]
["http://www.nevegetable.org/"]
[]
["2.  Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations.  2007.  University of Delaware.  [This guide is identical for PA, MD, DE, VA, and NJ]."]
["http://ag.udel.edu/extension/vegprogram/pdf/DEvegrecs2007.pdf"]
[]
["3.  NYS IPM elements.  n.d.  New York State IPM Program.  Cornell University.  "]
["http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/elements/default.asp"]
[]
["4.  Umass Amherst.  IPM Guidelines.  2007."]
["http://www.umass.edu/umext/ipm/guidelines/index.html"]
[]
["Crop Specific Guides, Pest Fact Sheets, and Other Resources"]
[]
["5.  Bachman, J.  2005.  Season extension techniques for market gardeners.  National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.  ATTRA Publication #IP035.  [Information on floating row covers, mulches and other techniques for pest management, and season-extension.]"]
["http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/seasonext.html"]
["PDF version available at <http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/seasonext.pdf>"]
[]
["6.  Boucher, T.J. and R. Durgy.  2003.  Perimeter trap cropping works.  University of Connecticut Integrated Pest Management.  "]
["http://www.hort.uconn.edu/IPM/veg/htms/ptcworks.htm"]
[]
["7.  Clark, A. (Ed.).  Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd ed. 2007.  Sustainable Agriculture Network.  Beltsville, MD.  Handbook Series Book 9."]
["http://www.sare.org/publications/covercrops/covercrops.pdf"]
[]
["8.  Dill, J. & G. Koehler (Eds.).  2005.  Agricultural pocket pesticide calibration guide.  University of Maine Cooperative Extension & USDA.  "]
["http://pronewengland.org/INFO/PROpubs/CalibrationGuide-small.pdf"]
[]
["9.  Diver, S. 2002.  Flame weeding for vegetable crops.  National Sustainable Agriculture.   Information Service.  ATTRA Publication #CT165. "]
["http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/flameweedveg.html"]
[]
["10.  DuFour, R.  2001.  BioIntensive integrated pest management.  National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.  ATTRA Publication #IP049. "]
["http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/ipm.html"]
["[PDF version available online at <http://www.attra.ncat.org/attrapub/PDF/flameweedveg.pdf>.]"]
[]
["11.  Everts, K., S. Sardanelli, R. Kratochvil, and L.B. Gallagher.  2005.  Agricultural innovations fact sheet: Cultural practices for root-knot and root-lesion nematode suppression in vegetable crop rotations.  Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education.  SARE Publication #06AGI2005.  "]
["http://www.sare.org/publications/factsheet/0605.htm"]
[]
["12.  Flint, M.L. and P. Gouveia.  2001.  IPM in Practice: Principles and Methods of Integrated Pest Management.  University of California.  Publication 3418."]
[]
["13.  Gugino, B.K., O.J. Idowu, R.R. Schindelbeck, H.M. van Es, D.W. Wolfe, J.E. Thies, and G.S. Abawi. Cornell soil health assessment training manual.  ed.1.2.  2007.  "]
["http://soilhealth.cals.cornell.edu/Soil Health Manual Edition 1.2.pdf"]
[]
["14.  Hazzard, R., A. Brown, and P. Westgate.  2008.  Using IPM in the field: Sweet corn insect management field scouting guide.  University of Massachusetts Extension Vegetable Program."]
["          "]
["15.  Hazzard, R., A. Brown, and P. Westgate.  2008.  Using IPM in the field: Sweet corn insect management record keeping book.  University of Massachusetts Extension Vegetable Program."]
["          "]
["16.  Hendrickson, J.  2003.  Cover crops on the intensive market farm.  "]
["http://www.hort.wisc.edu/FreshVeg/Publications/Cover crops on the intensive market farm.pdf"]
[]
["17.  Invasive plant atlas of New England.  2004. University of Connecticut."]
["http://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/ipane/icat/catalogOfSpecies.do"]
[]
["18.  Kersbergen, R. Cover crops for soil health.  2005."]
["http://www.newenglandvfc.org/2005_conference/sessions/soil_health/cover_crops_soil_health.pdf"]
[]
["19.  Kovatch, J., C. Petzoldt, & J. Tette.  n.d.  A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides.  New York State Integrated Pest Management.  Cornell University.  [Environmental impact quotients of pesticides]. "]
["http://nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/eiq/default.asp"]
[]
["20.  Kuepper, G.  2001.  Pursuing conservation tillage systems for organic crop production."]
["http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/organicmatters/conservationtillage.html"]
[]
["21.  Managing pest resistance to pesticides.  2008.  Gemplers.  "]
["http://www.gemplers.com/pages/tech/ipmresistance.aspx"]
[]
["22.  May, H.L. and M.B. Ryan.  IPM and wildlife.  2004.  NRCS.  Fish and Wildlife Management Leaflet.            No. 24.  [Good introduction to IPM.  Illustrated with specific examples.]."]
["ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NHQ/ecs/Wild/IPM_Wildlife.pdf."]
[]
["23.  NYS IPM fact sheets for vegetables.  n.d.  New York State IPM Program.  Cornell University.  "]
["http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/vegetables/"]
[]
["24.  Organic weed management.  n.d.  National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. "]
["http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/IPM/weed.pdf"]
[]
["25.  Pest management.  1998.  National Association of Soil Conservation Districts.  [Tip sheet]."]
["http://www.ma.nrcs.usda.gov/news/publications/pestmgt.pdf"]
[]
["26.  Vaughn, M., M. Shepherd, C. Kremen, and S.H. Black.  Farming for Bees: Guidelines for Providing Native Bee Habitat on Farms.  2nd ed.  2007.  Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation.  Portland, OR. "]
["http://www.xerces.org/Pollinator_Insect_Conservation/Farming_for_Bees_2nd_edition.pdf"]
[]
["27.  Sullivan, P.  2003.  Overview of cover crops and green manure.  National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.  ATTRA Publication #IP024. "]
["http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/covercrop.html"]
[]
["28.  Sullivan, P.  2003.  Principles of sustainable weed management for cropland.   "]
["http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/PDF/weed.pdf"]
[]
["29.  Weeden, C.R., A.M. Shelton, and M.P. Hoffmann (Eds.).  n.d.  Guide to biological control: A guide to natural enemies in North America.  Cornell University.  "]
["http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/"]
[]
["30.  Windows pesticide screening tool Win-PST 3.0.  n.d.  Natural Resources Conservation Service."]
["http://www.wsi.nrcs.usda.gov/products/W2Q/pest/winpst.html"]
[]
["31.  Weed Assessment List.  n.d.  New York State Integrated Pest Management Program.  Cornell University.  "]
["http://nysipm.cornell.edu/scouting/weed_assmt.pdf"]
[]
[]
["Forecasting Service Websites"]
[]
["32.  Cucurbit downy mildew forecast homepage.  2008.  "]
["http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/cucurbit/"]
[]
["33.  PestWatch.  n.d.  Penn State University. [A free internet-based insect and disease forecasting service for sweet corn and other crops.  Based on in-season data from Maine and other NE states.]."]
["http://www.pestwatch.psu.edu/"]
[]
["34.  Skybit.com.  n.d.  [Commercial weather service]."]
["http://www.skybit.com/"]
[]
["35.  University of Maine Cooperative Extension Maine apple IPM program forecast.  2007.  [Includes current and long-range weather forecasts.] "]
["http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/apple/forecast.htm"]
[]
[]
["IPM Websites IPM"]
[]
["36.  Database of IPM resources (DIR).  n.d."]
["http://ipmnet.org/cicp/Vegetable/veg.htm"]
[]
["37.  National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.  2007.  [Source for IPM and organic guidelines for many pests and practices]. "]
["http://www.attra.ncat.org/pest.html"]
[]
["38.  Northeast IPM Center.  2008.  [Searchable database of IPM resources]."]
["http://www.northeastipm.org/vege_all.cfm"]
[]
["39.  ProNewEngland.  [Links to web resources for New England IPM]."]
["http://www.pronewengland.org/INFO/PROInfoCropLivestock.htm"]
[]
["40  UMassAmherst Vegetable Program.  2007. "]
["http://www.umassvegetable.org/index.html"]
[]
["41.  University of Delaware Cooperative Extension IPM - Vegetables."]
["http://ag.udel.edu/extension/IPM/info/ipmveg.html"]
[]
["42.  University of Maine Cooperative Extension Integrated Pest Management. "]
["http://www.umext.maine.edu/topics/pest.htm"]
[]
["43.  University of Maine Cooperative Extension Potato Program.  2008.  "]
["http://www.umaine.edu/umext/potatoprogram/"]
[]
["44.  University of Maine Cooperative Extension Sweet Corn IPM.  2008.  "]
["http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/swetcorn/Corn.htm"]